I recently heard of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and I was wondering: does anyone know of a map that shows the territories gained by the Central Powers?

Most histories of the period will provide a map of the results, e.g. Pipes's Russian Revolution. Roughly, however, the line corresponds to the present-day western border of Russia.

There is a maphere (http://www.rccr.cremona.it/stanga/progetto/stalin/cartina01b.jpg). I can't vouch for the accuracy of a web-based map though.

Basically, the Ukraine, Byelorussia, Finland, and the Baltic States were placed under the control of the Central Powers. How much was to be annexed and how much left in the hands of puppet states was never determined.

also, the city of Brest-Litovsk is in western Poland, and the line goes right through it

Edit: my mistake, the line doesnt go through it. yea im a moron

Basically, the Ukraine, Byelorussia, Finland, and the Baltic States were placed under the control of the Central Powers. How much was to be annexed and how much left in the hands of puppet states was never determined.

Not quite, the treat of Brest-Litovsk mentioned that Finland and Ukraine would be areas which Russia simply lost and were made independent. No Central Power control there.

In the case of Ukraine, the Germans attempted to overthrow the government and install a pro-Central Powers puppet state.

Of the Baltic States, only Liethuania was under German control at the time of the treaty and as such was going to be made into a German Marionette, while Estonia and Latvia were going to be put under German control aswell but they never were as the Germans concentrated (After Brest-Litovsk) onto the Spring Offensive of 1918. After the war the German Frei Korps attempted to place all of the Baltic States under German Marionette status, but those attempts failed.

In Finland there was going to be a German king (The prince of Hessen, Friedrich Karl, was chosen) to be placed as the head of state. And although there were German troops in the country, Finland was not under German control or it's marionette.

There is a mapHere (http://www.rccr.cremona.it/stanga/progetto/stalin/cartina01b.jpg). I can't vouch for the accuracy of a web-based map though.

That map is what was agreed upon, but the real territories that Germany actually got were much smaller.

This map, gives what was agreed upon and what the Germans eventually got. The darker lines in the areas Soviet-Russia lost are what the Germans actually got. Notice that Latvia, Estonia and Finland are not within that area.

http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/World/breslitovmap.gif

well the treaty of versailles redrew all of E Europe in 1919, so the Brest-Litovsk areas were only under german control for the lesser part of two years, thats why the lines dont really line up right

Not quite, the treat of Brest-Litovsk mentioned that Finland and Ukraine would be areas which Russia simply lost and were made independent. No Central Power control there.

In the case of Ukraine, the Germans attempted to overthrow the government and install a pro-Central Powers puppet state.

Of the Baltic States, only Liethuania was under German control at the time of the treaty and as such was going to be made into a German Marionette, while Estonia and Latvia were going to be put under German control aswell but they never were as the Germans concentrated (After Brest-Litovsk) onto the Spring Offensive of 1918. After the war the German Frei Korps attempted to place all of the Baltic States under German Marionette status, but those attempts failed.

In Finland there was going to be a German king (The prince of Hessen, Friedrich Karl, was chosen) to be placed as the head of state. And although there were German troops in the country, Finland was not under German control or it's marionette.

Actually, all territories mentioned (except Finland) were under German military occupation at the time of the treaty, which is why Lenin was willing to sign it in the face of furious opposition from Bukharin.

The Germans never decided which territories would be annexed and which controlled (usually by appointment of a German prince), but it seems implausible to suppose that they would have surrendered territory they had occupied, given the fact that they left a million soldiers in the Ukraine.

My original post was, of course, an oversimplification, but I was trying to help him extrapolate the approximate areas Russia lost based on a modern map of Europe.

The Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
(bolded by taillesskangaru)

Article I. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey, for the one part, and Russia, for the other part, declare that the state of war between them has ceased. They are resolved to live henceforth in peace and amity with one another.

Article II. The contracting parties will refrain from any agitation or propaganda against the Government or the public and military institutions of the other party. In so far as this obligation devolves upon Russia, it holds good also for the territories occupied by the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance.

Article III. The territories lying to the west of the line agreed upon by the contracting parties which formerly belonged to Russia, will no longer be subject to Russian sovereignty; the line agreed upon is traced on the map submitted as an essential part of this treaty of peace. The exact fixation of the line will be established by a Russo-German commission.

No obligations whatever toward Russia shall devolve upon the territories referred to, arising from the fact that they formerly belonged to Russia.

Russia refrains from all interference in the internal relations of these territories. Germany and Austria-Hungary purpose to determine the future status of these territories in agreement with their population.

Article IV. As soon as a general peace is concluded and Russian demobilization is carried out completely Germany will evacuate the territory lying to the east of the line designated in paragraph 1 of Article III, in so far as Article IV does not determine otherwise.

Russia will do all within her power to insure the immediate evacuation of the provinces of eastern Anatolia and their lawful return to Turkey.

The districts of Erdehan, Kars, and Batum will likewise and without delay be cleared of the russian troops. Russia will not interfere in the reorganization of the national and international relations of these districts, but leave it to the population of these districts, to carry out this reorganization in agreement with the neighboring States, especially with Turkey.

Article V. Russia will, without delay, carry out the full demobilization of her army inclusive of those units recently organized by the present Government. Furthermore, Russia will either bring her warships into russian ports and there detain them until the day of the conclusion of a general peace, or disarm them forthwith. Warships of the States which continue in the state of war with the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance, in so far as they are within Russian sovereignty, will be treated as Russian warships.

The barred zone in the Arctic Ocean continues as such until the conclusion of a general peace. In the Baltic sea, and, as far as Russian power extends within the Black sea, removal of the mines will be proceeded with at once. Merchant navigation within these maritime regions is free and will be resumed at once. Mixed commissions will be organized to formulate the more detailed regulations, especially to inform merchant ships with regard to restricted lanes. The navigation lanes are always to be kept free from floating mines.

Article VI. Russia obligates herself to conclude peace at once with the Ukrainian People's Republic and to recognize the treaty of peace between that State and the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance. The Ukrainian territory will, without delay, be cleared of Russian troops and the Russian Red Guard. Russia is to put an end to all agitation or propaganda against the Government or the public institutions of the Ukrainian People's Republic.

Esthonia and Livonia will likewise, without delay, be cleared of Russian troops and the Russian Red Guard. The eastern boundary of Esthonia runs, in general along the river Narwa. The eastern boundary of Livonia crosses, in general, lakes Peipus and Pskow, to the southwestern corner of the latter, then across Lake Luban in the direction of Livenhof on the Dvina. Esthonia and Livonia will be occupied by a German police force until security is insured by proper national institutions and until public order has been established. Russia will liberate at once all arrested or deported inhabitants of Esthonia and Livonia, and insures the safe return of all deported Esthonians and Livonians.

Finland and the Aaland Islands will immediately be cleared of Russian troops and the Russian Red Guard, and the Finnish ports of the Russian fleet and of the Russian naval forces. So long as the ice prevents the transfer of warships into Russian ports, only limited forces will remain on board the warships. Russia is to put an end to all agitation or propaganda against the Government or the public institutions of Finland.

The fortresses built on the Aaland Islands are to be removed as soon as possible. As regards the permanent non- fortification of these islands as well as their further treatment in respect to military technical navigation matters, a special agreement is to be concluded between Germany, Finland, Russia, and Sweden; there exists an understanding to the effect that, upon Germany's desire, still other countries bordering upon the Baltic Sea would be consulted in this matter.

Article VII. In view of the fact that Persia and Afghanistan are free and independent States, the contracting parties obligate themselves to respect the political and economic independence and the territorial integrity of these states.

Article VIII. The prisoners of war of both parties will be released to return to their homeland. The settlement of the questions connected therewith will be effected through the special treaties provided for in Article XII.

Article IX. The contracting parties mutually renounce compensation for their war expenses, i.e., of the public expenditures for the conduct of the war, as well as compensation for war losses, i.e., such losses as were caused [by] them and their nationals within the war zones by military measures, inclusive of all requisitions effected in enemy country.

Article X. Diplomatic and consular relations between the contracting parties will be resumed immediately upon the ratification of the treaty of peace. As regards the reciprocal admission of consuls, separate agreements are reserved.

Article XI. As regards the economic relations between the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance and Russia the regulations contained in Appendices II-V are determinative....

Article XII. The reestablishment of public and private legal relations, the exchange of war prisoners and interned citizens, the question of amnesty as well as the question anent the treatment of merchant ships which have come into the power of the opponent, will be regulated in separate treaties with Russia which form an essential part of the general treaty of peace, and, as far as possible, go into force simultaneously with the latter.

Article XIII. In the interpretation of this treaty, the German and Russian texts are authoritative for the relations between Germany and Russia; the German, the Hungarian, and Russian texts for the relations between Austria-Hungry and Russia; the Bulgarian and Russian texts for the relations between Bulgaria and Russia; and the Turkish and Russian texts for the relations between Turkey and Russia.

Article XIV. The present treaty of peace will be ratified. The documents of ratification shall, as soon as possible, be exchanged in Berlin. The Russian Government obligates itself, upon the desire of one of the powers of the Quadruple Alliance, to execute the exchange of the documents of ratification within a period of two weeks. Unless otherwise provided for in its articles, in its annexes, or in the additional treaties, the treaty of peace enters into force at the moment of its ratification.

In testimony whereof the Plenipotentiaries have signed this treaty with their own hand.

Executed in quintuplicate at Brest-Litovsk, 3 March, 1918.

From: http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/1918/brestlitovsk.html

The way I see it, the Central Powers gained little except some buffer states between them and Russia. Russia however lost around a third of its European territories.

Indeed there were several generals demanding huge area annexions but that was declined. It was indeed planned to build up sovereign states in the Ukraine, Finland, the Baltic states, Belorus and Poland. hey would be a buffer and concerning the anti Russian sentiments they would ally with Germany against Russia, I mean a kind of NATO and perhaps EU.
Considering this and the fact, these people were no Russians and who did want to be independent, Brest- Litowsk was only granting the self determination rights of the people living there. Sure it was harsh, but Russia per se was not hit in its territorial integrity, at least only to a small extent.
That´s why Brest- Litowsk is a bad justification for Versailles.

Adler

Indeed there were several generals demanding huge area annexions but that was declined. It was indeed planned to build up sovereign states in the Ukraine, Finland, the Baltic states, Belorus and Poland. hey would be a buffer and concerning the anti Russian sentiments they would ally with Germany against Russia, I mean a kind of NATO and perhaps EU.
Considering this and the fact, these people were no Russians and who did want to be independent, Brest- Litowsk was only granting the self determination rights of the people living there. Sure it was harsh, but Russia per se was not hit in its territorial integrity, at least only to a small extent.
That´s why Brest- Litowsk is a bad justification for Versailles.

Adler
Tsar declared that Poland would be independent after WW1. In Ukraine Russians were about 40% of all population.

Tsar declared that Poland will be independent after WW1. In Ukraine Russians were about 40% of all population.

1. Rulers (of the past and present) have made all kinds of promises, that doesn't make it necessarily true. And that was most likely an attempt at gaining the support of the Poles for the war effort.

2. But the remaining majority of Ukraine (Circa 60 %) wanted independence. So, what the remaining 40 % want, is of no matter. With Germany backing the independent Ukraine the remaining minority populance would not have been able to break away.

1. Rulers (of the past and present) have made all kinds of promises, that doesn't make it necessarily true. And that was most likely an attempt at gaining the support of the Poles for the war effort.

2. But the remaining majority of Ukraine (Circa 60 %) wanted independence. So, what the remaining 40 % want, is of no matter. With Germany backing the independent Ukraine the remaining minority populance would not have been able to break away.
1. This promise contained in official manifest.
2. Majority of Ukraine not wanted indepence. And they not wanted to be a part of Russia. They were indifferent to independence or Russian ruling.

2. Majority of Ukraine not wanted indepence. And they not wanted to be a part of Russia. They were indifferent to independence or Russian ruling.

This isn't obvious. No poll was ever held. Certainly there were pro-independence parties which seized control thereafter until crushed by the Bolsheviks. About 5 million of them to be precise, which is one of the reasons why they were crushed by the Bolsheviks.

About the occupied territories: few historians would view these territories as truly independent. The analogy to Nato and the EU is forced, since these countries would almost certainly not have had foreign policy independence and would in some cases have been ruled by German princes.

I can only say that the treaty of Brest-Litevsk (Brzesc Litewski/nad Bugiem) gave Ukraine part of former Congress Kingdom of Poland, that is Chelm region (part of Poland up to today, next to Bug/Buh river), which made many Poles resign from supporting Austria.

About 5 million of them to be precise, which is one of the reasons why they were crushed by the Bolsheviks.

There were much more Ukrainians in Communist Party.

You misunderstood me. I meant that there were a lot of Ukrainian parties. Was their support greater or less than that of the Bolsheviks? No way to tell.