1) How come nobody could stand up to Caesar? Where were the rest of the mighty roman legions?
2) Why was Rome undefended when Caesar started marching towards it?
3) What was the status of Rome when the senators left it? Like were people fighting with each other in the streets and such things? Did they know that Caesar was marching towards the city?
4) How did the Romans greet Caesar when he entered Rome?
5) Did Caesar start the civil war with the intention of becoming dictator for life or did he decide to become dictator for life after he defeated Pompey since there was no opposition?

1) How come nobody could stand up to Caesar? Where were the rest of the mighty roman legions?
2) Why was Rome undefended when Caesar started marching towards it?
3) What was the status of Rome when the senators left it? Like were people fighting with each other in the streets and such things? Did they know that Caesar was marching towards the city?
4) How did the Romans greet Caesar when he entered Rome?
5) Did Caesar start the civil war with the intention of becoming dictator for life or did he decide to become dictator for life after he defeated Pompey since there was no opposition?

1] Rome didn't keep legions in Italy, so the other Legions were in Spain, Macedonia, ect.....
2] See #1
3] Most of the anti Ceasar Senetors fled leaving a small 1/4-1/5 senete of pro Ceasar people in charge.
4] Ceasar was popular with the masses, but the upper classes feared a repeat of Sulla's march in the first civil war ( the blood shed )
5] He stated he didn't always but deep down he thought he was the only one able to put Rome out of this 50-75 year decline.

Caesar wanted to become king of Rome. He made an attempt by using one of his friends suggesting the crown. Because of the uproar he refused that. Nevertheless he tried it again, as he planned to change the law to have more than one wive (Cleopatra...). The he would have united the two empires under his rule. Also remember he had already a son with Caesar, Caesarion.

Adler

Also remember he had already a son with Caesar, Caesarion.

Adler

How advanced was the science in Roman times?? :dubious: ;)

Yep, very much ;). I meant of course Cleopatra.

Adler

2) Why was Rome undefended when Caesar started marching towards it?

His march on Rome was unexpected. His political enemies didn't thought he would dare.


3) What was the status of Rome when the senators left it? Like were people fighting with each other in the streets and such things? Did they know that Caesar was marching towards the city?
They certainly did, as they watched most of the senate flee. Rome had gone through several civil wars already (but only Sulla had attacked the city itself) so it was not that dramatic an event. He was popular with the plebeians, who made up most of the population, and even many of the equites.


5) Did Caesar start the civil war with the intention of becoming dictator for life or did he decide to become dictator for life after he defeated Pompey since there was no opposition?

He claimed he didn't, but his later actions (proclaiming himseld dictator for life, instead of only for some time period, and seeking to chose an heir) indicate that he probably did. If he only wanted to reform the roman republic he would not need to become dictator for life. Also earlier attemps at reform (most notably by Sulla) had failed to produce a stable system, so Caesar probably really wanted to repace the system wih a monarchic one.

Julius casaer ?

1) You must remember the tax system was much different back in Roman time. Powerful families PAID out of there own pockets for public works and armies. Not the current system of central government taxing and financing armies. It was paganistic duty. Thus loyality of armies were tied to generals and loyalities were to indivuals and not the state.
Thus Indviual legions owned there loyalties to factured divided families

(as well see much later numerous roman civil wars)

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the rest Iam not familar with mosty Byzantine history

Thus loyality of armies were tied to generals

Only after the Marius reforms, which subsequently led to the rise of Sulla and Caesar and the end of the Republic.

Julius casaer ?

1) You must remember the tax system was much different back in Roman time. Powerful families PAID out of there own pockets for public works and armies. Not the current system of central government taxing and financing armies. It was paganistic duty. Thus loyality of armies were tied to generals and loyalities were to indivuals and not the state.
Thus Indviual legions owned there loyalties to factured divided families

(as well see much later numerous roman civil wars)

Loyalty of armies was tied to their generals (as the person above rightly said, only after the Marian reforms) because the soldiers served with their commanders over an extended period of time, and chiefly because the soldiers relied upon their generals to get them pensions when their service was done. With the Marian reforms most of Rome's soldiers were poor, and they needed the political clout of their commanders to get some land after their service was done.