In the Austrian civilization leader's screenshot (Maria Theresa), it appears the title "consul" before her name

It says

CONSUL MARIA THERESA OF AUSTRIA

Does it mean something related to goverment type (in the way civ 2) or something else like that? (in fact, it could match in the concept "gods & kings", al least the latter part).

In Civ 5, the title in front of the leader's name is usually determined by the type of social policies that were selected. It should be the same in G&K as well..

You get that title if you choose Liberty, I think.

Well...

In the spanish version, the one I play, I cant´remembar any title. Though I could be wrong. At this moment, I can´t check it, but I will.

The screenshot for Haile Selassie shows him as Chairman, if I remember correctly.

I can't remember if the Chairman title exists in the current builds of Civ V, though.

Chairman title does exist. I think you have to go down the Order or Autocracy path. Not sure, but it's definitely one of those two.

That's what I had assumed; I don't follow those paths so I am unsure what they lead to.

I recall getting the following titles depending on your policy choice:

Tradition: Lord
Liberty: Consul
Honor: <name of leader> the Great
Commerce: Doge
Freedom: President
Order: Chairman

Can't remember the titles you get with Piety, Patronage, Rationalism and Autocracy.

Can't remember the titles you get with Piety, Patronage, Rationalism and Autocracy.
I believe they are The Pious, The Enlightened, The Wise, and The Terrible.

Google knows all:
<Row Tag="TXT_KEY_LIBERTY_TITLE">
<Text>Consul {1_PlayerName:textkey} of {2_CivName:textkey}</Text>

<Row Tag="TXT_KEY_TRADITION_TITLE">
<Text>Lord {1_PlayerName:textkey} of {2_CivName:textkey}</Text>

<Row Tag="TXT_KEY_HONOR_TITLE">
<Text>{1_PlayerName:textkey} the Great of {2_CivName:textkey}</Text>

<Row Tag="TXT_KEY_PIETY_TITLE">
<Text>{1_PlayerName:textkey} the Pious of {2_CivName:textkey}</Text>

<Row Tag="TXT_KEY_PATRONAGE_TITLE">
<Text>{1_PlayerName:textkey} the Enlightened of {2_CivName:textkey}</Text>

<Row Tag="TXT_KEY_COMMERCE_TITLE">
<Text>Doge {1_PlayerName:textkey} of {2_CivName:textkey}</Text>

<Row Tag="TXT_KEY_RATIONALISM_TITLE">
<Text>{1_PlayerName:textkey} the Wise of {2_CivName:textkey}</Text>

<Row Tag="TXT_KEY_FREEDOM_TITLE">
<Text>President {1_PlayerName:textkey} of {2_CivName:textkey}</Text>

<Row Tag="TXT_KEY_ORDER_TITLE">
<Text>Chairman {1_PlayerName:textkey} of {2_CivName:textkey}</Text>

<Row Tag="TXT_KEY_AUTOCRACY_TITLE">
<Text>{1_PlayerName:textkey} the Terrible of {2_CivName:textkey}</Text>

And how is it determined which title will you get if you follow multiple social policy trees? The one you unlock the latest?

And how is it determined which title will you get if you follow multiple social policy trees? The one you unlock the latest?

Good question. Been wanting to know myself. Anyone have a clue?

Whatever the "dominant branch" is... http://forums.civfanatics.com/showpost.php?p=10282374&postcount=5