The Hebrew word
nahash is used to identify the serpent that appears in Genesis 3:1, in the
Garden of Eden. In
Genesis, the serpent is portrayed as a deceptive creature or
trickster, who promotes as good what God had forbidden, and shows particular cunning in its deception. (cf. Gen. 3:4–5 and 3:22) The serpent has the ability to speak and to reason: "Now the serpent was more subtle than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made" (Gen. 3:1). There is no indication in the
Book of Genesis that the serpent was a
deity in its own right, although it is one of only two cases of animals that talk in the
Pentateuch (
Balaam's donkey being the other).
God placed
Adam in the Garden to tend it and warned Adam not to eat the fruit of the
Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, "for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die."
[13] The serpent tempts
Eve to eat of the Tree, but Eve tells the serpent what God had said (
Genesis 3:3). The serpent replied that she would not surely die (
Genesis 3:4) and that if she eats the fruit of the tree "then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil." (
Genesis 3:5) Eve ate the fruit and gave it to Adam and he also ate. God, who was walking in the Garden, finds out and to prevent
Adam and Eve from eating the fruit of the
Tree of Life and living forever, they are banished from the Garden and God posts an angelic guard. The snake is punished for its role in the
fall by being made to
crawl on its belly in the dust.
Debate about the serpent in Eden is whether it should be viewed figuratively or as a literal animal. According to the
Rabbinical tradition, the serpent represents
sexual desire.
[14]