This could be kind of an expansion on the Barbarian idea: Minor Nations. They would make the game a lot more realistic and fun to play. Here's how they could work:
Depending on the barbarian setting, you'd have a certain number starting out. Throughout the game, there could be a random chance like 1% every turn for a new one to pop up.
Until the expansion phase is over, they would produce only settlers, and get a free def. unit in each city. The settlers should take about 30 or 40 turns each though, so they will expand very slowly. These settlers cannot settle in places where their territories would be disconnected.
Each city would start out with radius 0, and have a max radius of 1, except the capital which would start out at 1 and have max 2 radius.
The minor nations don't make any gold or tech, but instead automatically gain each tech already known by every civilization 10 or 20 turns after it has been learned by the last one.
Corruption should be very high for these nations, regardless of what government they are in, to prevent them from getting too big.
A penalty to production might also be needed, but I think that those limitations would be enough to make it balancing.
This way, there aren't just the 8 or 16 major civs in the world, but it would be filled with countries, just like the real one. With enough of these small nations, it would make the expansion phase that much more challenging, as after the first few cities, you would be forced to start to fight for your land. There would of course still also be the other 8 or 16 major civs which would function just like normal ones; these minor nations would just be extra.
Depending on the barbarian setting, you'd have a certain number starting out. Throughout the game, there could be a random chance like 1% every turn for a new one to pop up.
Until the expansion phase is over, they would produce only settlers, and get a free def. unit in each city. The settlers should take about 30 or 40 turns each though, so they will expand very slowly. These settlers cannot settle in places where their territories would be disconnected.
Each city would start out with radius 0, and have a max radius of 1, except the capital which would start out at 1 and have max 2 radius.
The minor nations don't make any gold or tech, but instead automatically gain each tech already known by every civilization 10 or 20 turns after it has been learned by the last one.
Corruption should be very high for these nations, regardless of what government they are in, to prevent them from getting too big.
A penalty to production might also be needed, but I think that those limitations would be enough to make it balancing.
This way, there aren't just the 8 or 16 major civs in the world, but it would be filled with countries, just like the real one. With enough of these small nations, it would make the expansion phase that much more challenging, as after the first few cities, you would be forced to start to fight for your land. There would of course still also be the other 8 or 16 major civs which would function just like normal ones; these minor nations would just be extra.