It seems like it looks at three things: age, type and civilization. So if they're all of the same age, all artifacts from battles, but from different civs, you get something like "Museum of Ancient Warfare"; if they're all from your civ and from the same era, you get something like, "Gallery of Industrial Assyrian Art" (I played as Assyria earlier and won a cultural victory with a lot of the theming bonuses.) I ended up having to have a scratchpad to keep track of everything when trading with other civs for stuff that was the right civ and era.