I'm generally an Immortal Player these days - I've beaten Deity with SV and Domination, but am still trying to refine some aspects of my game before doing Deity full time. It seems like you're figuring things out but I thought I would reiterate some things others have said, which helped me, and pass along my own advice.
In short, Tradition is the strongest path. Very highly skilled players can make Liberty work better in certain situations, but while you're learning you want to focus on Trad for the time being.
Capital: Scout x2, Shrine (I generally do this - others don't), Worker, then it depends a little on your surroundings. I usually like an Archer or two here - good for Barb hunting and establishing some early strength. Some will do granary for growth (good option if you're hurting on food). Another option is a Caravan to send to a close and friendly neighbor, both for a science boost and to get them to DOF. When your city is turn 4 or 5, work on your first Settler. Then right back into Archers or Granary.
Second city will build Archer or Granary depending on whether or not you want to conquer an early neighbor (if you have someone aggressive near you I would strongly consider building up Archers at this point).
You really do want to push for the National College quickly, and it is possible to have a formidable army and get the NC somewhere between turn 70 and 90. This is a typical goal for the warmonger with any civ.
Trade excess lux's and strategic resources to neighbors - you don't need iron or horses usually (horse specific civs not-withstanding). Try to save at least 400 gold for your second city's library to quickly get to the NC in your capital.
After philosophy is done, beeline to Construction. If you have a DOF with someone, trade your resources for gold and upgrade to Comp Bows.
If you're able to do all this, you can really start to cause some damage and will be well placed for Scientific Growth. At this point, my advice is to just not be afraid of the AI - they may have techs but they're dumb as hell. Take your bows, a couple warriors and go f' someone up. Learn how to pillage their tile improvements to keep your units chugging along. Keep your melee's out of range until you're ready to take a city. Try to have all 6-7 bows rain down on them on the same turn. Grab some early wonders from a neighbor or take out someone you know will be a pain later.
This is a pretty solid and repeatable strategy. Once you get this down you can branch out to other strats.
After Bows you want to more or less pursue science, regardless of your Victory Condition. Education, Astronomy, Scientific Theory, Plastics.
Other early advice: just go ahead and steal a worker from a nearby CS. It helps a lot. Try to go after a maritime one if you have a few to choose from. Also, set your City Manager to Production Focus, and then manually select the tile you want worked when a city grows (that's the extend of micro management I think is absolutely necessary at this level).
Thank you for your lengthy advice, and again, thanks to everyone who responded to what some people might think is a moaning old man.
The problem is that when I try to apply all of the knowledge I'm taking on board, it doesn't pan out for me. Ive been told by many people that tradition is great, but on Immortal I can never get it up and running. I mean, sure, if I have no neighbours I can build 2 or 3 additional cities and make an empire, but if I have no neighbours that means a harder game. And if I do have neighbours, then I simply can't expand quickly enough.
It may be the fundamentals that I'm failing on but I find with tradition I can't expand and get stuck, and when I go liberty on Immortal or above, unless I have great early UUs and am going for pure warmongering, I simply can't keep up on tech, or frankly, on anything.
I started a game a couple of hours ago, using Byzantium, since they are quite flexible, and I thought I'd let the game dictate to me how I should play it, but with a general mind to pursue a cultural victory with diplo as a backup, aligning one of my beliefs towards that.
I was lucky enough to bag Uluru AND Sinai (by going liberty), and had an enhanced religion very early, as well as managing to expand to 4 cities and put myself into the number 1 spot for land, got some DoFs from the right people, good religious beliefs. And then everything just went stale. Cities don't grow properly, CSs get stolen by conquest/Venice/quests I simply can't perform, culture rate falls, and I can't catch up in tech. I saved the game when I finished liberty and might go back and replay it with a GS instead of a prophet, and build NC immediately after, and see how that changes things, but again, even if I bumped my science up a bit, I can't see how playing defensive really works. How can you stay ahead tech-wise of people who are doing so much conquering that their GPT and culture and science rate is outstripping yours? I rewatched MadDjinn's India victory and simply can't understand it. It's like it's a different game to the ones I play. When I try to win a CV on Immortal, I always have the problem of a runaway civ, when I try for SV and beeline everything sciencey I have other problems.
Emperor is so easy compared to Immortal.
I might have to admit defeat soon, which would really irritate me, cuz playing at lower levels is boring once you've 'gotten into' playing at higher levels. You get used to the AIs having enough gold to trade, for example. At Emperor and below, they almost never have ANY cash, and there is no incentive to have spare luxuries except straight swaps, leading to lots of happiness, lots of GAs, but consequently little challenge.
It just seems the leap is too steep between levels 6 and 7.
Going back to tradition, I don't want to sound petulant or ungrateful or a jerk in any way, so please don't flame me, but I've tried the fast 4 city settler x3 method, the
caravans method, and a variety of different strategies I devised myself, and can't find a way to get up and running in 'good time' on anything above King.
None of the methods I tried gave me decent science, growth or military before turn 100, in over 20 tries, yet all claimed that they are tried and tested methods for producing growth and science. I understand that timings are not exact, and build orders and tech orders need to be tweaked a bit due to starting conditions, but I've simply found that all the published methods I've found do not work as they should.
So...either I'm doing something majorly wrong in applying the published methods
or...I haven't found the right one yet
or...possibly expert players and innovators are yet to find a truly reliable opening strategy for tall, fast growing empires on BNW. There certainly appear to be far more strategies for liberty.
It would seem that there are lots methods such as
this (relies on being able to sell lux for gold, which you can't do on BNW onwards) which are now obsolete.
Symptoms that indicate to me that the methods arent working:
-BPT less than 50 for far too long
-Much smaller population than AI cities
-Much less production than AI cities
-Much smaller militaries than AI cities
-Much less gold than AI cities
All the methods I read claim to be able to considerably even things out well before turn 100. The domination methods that claim to get armies of CBs taking enemy capitals before turn 100, the ones that claim education around turn 100, the list goes on.
Id really like to see a video of someone actually achieving these, who plays on Standard game pace, doesnt play at 100mph and explains what they are doing, but all the success videos seem to have anomalies that don't resemble the games I play. In MadDjinn's India he had about 4 units for most of the game and wasn't crushed. 'He mastered Diplo' I hear people retort. Well, often, I try to do diplo as per the advice and the AI just doesn't care. What can you do when you're surrounded by 3 aggressive civs that ensures NONE end up crushing you? I've prepared for defence but found that wars can go on for 40 or 50 turns and they come back at you with a new era's worth of troops that you can't handle. Sometimes they just won't give you peace even when you've killed dozens of their units. :S
TLDR: Tradition doesn't work for me at all, and liberty works for a while but not long enough. I'm obviously missing the fundamentals of the game but don't know where I can get visual tutorials of these, because I learn best by seeing things actually happen.