Ok, it appears there is something flaky with city state war declarations. If I load my save game and immediately declare war on the Ottomans, I can.
However, if I load my save and then click on declare war on a city state, it won't work, and from that point forward I can't declare war on the Ottomans either. So clicking declare war on a city state puts the scenario into some wonky state.
EDIT: Attaching save.