Windows 10 does not include the "secdrv" program, which is the copy protection scheme used on all CIV (and loads of other games) discs. Microsoft has decided that secdrv is a security risk and has removed it from Windows 10, as well as blocking it from working on Windows 7 and 8 (the latter with a security update back in September). secdrv is the program that looks at the disc to be sure that it is an original and not a copy, when the game boots up. If the disc fails the test, or if the code to run the test is missing (now the status courtesy of Microsoft), then the game won't start up. CIV BTS 3.19 patch eliminates the disc check and should work fine. So, using the 3.19 patch, BTS will run. However, both Warlords and the original game still require the disc check and will no longer work. For Windows 7 and 8, there is a work around but for Windows 10 no.
All versions still work on Macintosh, since Apple used a different copy protection scheme.
Online DRM versions also work, since they don't use secdrv either.