I have several thoughts on this (all just IMHO):
1. Re-rolling vs reloading. There are some who consider re-rolling your start to be cheating, as it's essentially folding your hand and waiting for the next one, which will hopefully be better. Now, reloading is like keeping your hand but going back and choosing differently on how to bet or what cards to keep. In either case in this analogy, if you were playing a multiplayer game or had another human present as referee or something, they'd likely say you should count the reload or re-roll as a loss.
2. The CFC HoF, as others already said, won't take it as a victory. Further, the CFC HoF has very specific rules about playing with only some DLC or expansions vs with everything, as well as what turn you have to save on for the finishing save, as well as how often you need to auto-save. It's worth a look at the HoF rules on here if you plan on playing more Deity games and would like to submit.
3. Everyone has different ways of looking at this sort of thing when it comes to a single-player Civ 5 game. Personally, I count rerolling and reloading as a loss (and try to feel appropriately bad about it
), and I also count an abandoned game as a loss. But the somewhat random nature of the game, as well as the fact that it is played across such a length of time that you are likely to be interrupted (not just to sleep, eat, etc., but with other unexpected things that need doing) means I also can see that not everyone wants to play a bad start or lose a long game because they didn't notice a simple unimproved luxury in city #40 for however many turns.
4. For purposes of getting achievements or your personal HoF within the game, any win is a win. The game cannot tell how many times you may or may not have reloaded, nor can it tell you that the 50 abandoned games prior to your one win should be counted as losses (I've quit many games without resigning them, simply exiting the game without playing out to defeat -- or even victory, on enough occasions).
5. Cooking the settings (choosing water maps and picking Carthage, etc.) also is a bit like cheating. Cooking settings basically allows you to give yourself a bit better hand than you'd normally get, which means whatever difficulty level you are on will really be a slight step down from what it normally is.
6. Finally, while reloading is really, like you said, a little like cheating, I sometimes will reload just to see where I went wrong or if victory was even possible. On Deity, I'm pretty certain that there are some games that are basically doomed to be defeats from almost turn 1, yet for most games I assume that I made a mistake X number of turns back and will sometimes load back to different points and try new things for the sake of the learning experience. I'd still count it as a loss, but it helps me learn how to get a legit win down the line.
-- Ultimately, if you got that far in one Deity game, I imagine you'll win Deity more than just once if you keep at it--
Edit: I forgot to note that The Pilgrim is right: reloading because of a misclick, which means reloading immediately and before the next turn even starts, is acceptable in my book, though again, CFC HoF won't accept that. I started accepting this right away, as numerous times the game will jump from unit to unit and select an artillery unit as I was trying to move my tank, and I'd inadvertantly lose a highly promoted artillery because of moving it next to a couple riflemen or what not. This is a particular problem around the time of artillery, coincidentally, because by then you tend to have a large army and the game often tries to jump to the next unit in its queue before you are ready (rather than pick the closest unit waiting for orders to the last unit you moved, which would be logical, it seems to do it some other way).