I don't know about other countries, but in Brazil everyone heard of him for the very simple reason that the solution for "ax2+bx+c=0" is known around here as Bhaskara's formula.Most of you probably haven't heard of him but I'm going to go with this guy. His achievement in math and astronomy are pretty much unparalleled. Especially when you consider the fact that he lived in classical times.
So I have known good old Bhask since I was about 10 years old.