I've done it before. I was going for a Scientific Victory on Empreror as Korea and wasn't putting much effort into Culture, since i was teching so fast i could barely keep up with construction of all the science buildings. Had been friends with my neighbour all game, and as the first one into Modern Era, i chose Freedom.
I enjoyed the bonuses for quite a few turns, but eventually my culture-heavy neighbour caught up and went Order, threatening to put me into civil resistance and also to ruin relations (denouncements and war instead of RA and trade). So, i switched, lost a couple of early adopter tenets, but got enough to make Order work.
The AI loves early adopter tenets, so if you choose first they are bound to take something else, no matter what your initial choice was. I actually plan to switch on my science games now, sometimes i deliberately pick the ideology that i DON'T want my friends to go for.