Looking for some constructive criticisms here - I know little if anything about upcoming technological advances (or predictions thereof) so I kept it cautious...
I also still mean to add to the later years.
Canada: 2013-2033
Brief history:
2015: Conservatives win minority government, two seats short of a majority. It is, for all intents and purposes, majority politics as usual, as they can generally find two guys to vote with them. Notably, the NDP was apparently led by Jack Layton's charisma, and they begin bleeding seats to the Liberals and (occasionally) Bloc Quebecois.
2017: Water is traded under NAFTA for the first time. The Opposition decries the "loss of control" sustained over one of Canada's most "critical" resources. The NDP pushes for nationalization of water corporations and resources to try and cheat the agreement; the Liberas and BQ are unwilling to go so far but nevertheless protest.
2018: Stephen Harper steps down after eleven years as Prime Minister of Canada, succeeded by Jason Kenney.
2019: UN rules on Arctic Sovereignty. Canada loses bigtime - Northwest Passage ruled free for innocent passage.
2019: Harper's unifying influence (or silencing influence, as you like) vanishes with him, scandals show up all over the place, and division besets the Conservatives. Tentative election date in November postponed.
2020: Kenney finally forced to call election in November, and Thomas Mulcair's NDP, rallying around the issue of Free Trade Water, ride to their first victory, forming a slim minority over the Liberals. Conservatives fall to just 47 seats.
2020: Canada's water resources nationalized and merged into Crown corporation Hydro Canada, giving the government employees, effectively removing it from NAFTA. Corporations whose assets were nationalized grudgingly compensated several times their loss to avoid a lawsuit.
2020: Dr Roy McGinness, a scientist of some disrepute, claims to have invented a commercially-viable nuclear fusion power generator. The National Research Council announces that his generator is bogus, and that commercial fusion is "30 years away". This Hour Has 22 Minutes ("The Most Watched News Show In Canada") publishes a commentary citing an American study from the 70s that claimed commercially viable nuclear fusion was 30 years away.
2021: NDP government, increasingly at odds with the other major parties now that the water issue has been dealt with, collapses. Liberals under Marc Garneau win minority in abbreviated election.
2021: Canadian Resources for Canadians Act, taxing oil sands revenues in place of an income tax/GST hike.
2023: Senate reformed to allow removal of Senators from office by Act of Parliament. Bill passes chiefly because everyone hates it equally.
2024: Government announces pivot northward. Subsidies provided fir the development of farming and industry in the north. Uranium City, Saskatchewan, becomes the second-largest city in the province, and Yellowknife and even Iqaluit boom as a major naval base is established at the eastern end of the Northwest Passage.
2024: Garneau calls election, loses to Conservatives under James Moore. Liberals and NDP promptly announce coalition.
2026: Liberal Government, uneasy with having a socialist nationalized water corporation but unwilling to privatize it for fear of American corporate takeover, restructures Hydro Canada to emphasize "corporation" over "Crown".
2027: Oil tanker under Bolivian flag runs aground off Cambridge Bay.
2027: Government passes Arctic Conservation Act, subjecting all vessels not complying with strict regulations (and tolls) to seizure. Arctic naval presence tripled, number of tracking stations quintupled. Loud protests from pretty much everyone, plus a few armed escorts.
2027: Coalition government collapses after Garneau steps down. Moore's Conservatives win election on a platform of renewed commitment to foreign rapprochement and consolidating the hold on the Northwest Passage even further.
2028: Global warming produces warmest winter on record, spectacularly failing to limit pine beetle numbers. That summer, the forested mountains of the Rockies and Pacific Coast are red. Some wiseguy spraypaints some of them white to make a giant Liberal advertisement.
2029: Rich vein of copper discovered near Inuvik, fueling a major boom.
2031: Major ice storm hits Iqaluit, isolating it entirely for two weeks, and severely limiting supply shipments for two months. Food supplies dwindle to almost nothing, and rationing is implemented. The population plummets shortly after the weather clears.
2032: Iqaluit hits lowest population mark in twenty years.