You contradict yourself by saying that it runs "fine" but you're limited to standard and strategic view. Yeah, wtf man?
The OP wants to play huge by the way.
CPU speed does matter for games that involve simulation. And memory is not a bottleneck. If you're on a really old machine perhaps, but any 2 year old PC has 8GB ram and 2GB GDDR. SSD's make a HUGE difference in general performance, not necessarily for CIV. But loading times in CIV are terrible too by the way.
Finally, a desktop would do everything better for the same price as a laptop. It's a simple fact of economics. If you want to gimp yourself with a tiny screen and lower performance that's your choice though.
I don't particularly like maps with more civs than standard size, so standard is indeed fine for me.
Strategic view: I actually prefer this when moving units anyway. I only switch to standard for looking at what city is building and religious influence which I don't care as much in late game anyway.
Adding a external monitor has been possible on notebooks for years now. (But I simply bought a notebook with the biggest screen that was available with them at the time)
And USB ports have allowed real mouse & keyboard for some time.
Notebooks also effectively have a built in UPS. (Mine could last an hour or two playing Civ) This is in addition to being much more portable than desk tops. (e.g. you can take it with you on vacation much easier)
8GB RAM will really help late game compared to 4GB.