Go to pages 24-26 on indepth discussion of Sweden Its been talked about more in this thread than any other civ.
Yeah, but all I see is logical fallacies from the anti-Sweden camp. From what I can see, this 'math' is incredibly limited, obsessed with gold (which is not the most important commodity, is it?), and only seems to assume all GP will be gifted, and seems to assume that a 6-8 city empire is the way forward. In my CV with Sweden I had 3 powerhouse cities and each was pumping out GP less than every 10 turns. I had too many to know what to do with.
Q: (for Sweden detractors) Aside from Babylon, can any other civ vastly increase the rate at which GS spawn, WAY before Rationalism? In the above CV I had out-tech'ed the AIs sooooo much earlier than on ANY other game I've ever played. In the Deity Challenge with Inca (also 3 cities, but SV) it took me 50 turns later at least to get ahead of them. What happened was embarrassingly easy. I had to keep checking it was really Deity.
The OP says that the criteria is single-player and consistent wins across terrain/VC.
I still think it's clear from playing Sweden that since the 3 things the AI does worst at is war, using GP and tech'ing in the mid to late game, that Sweden is much, much better at these than many of the divs placed above it. It may not be Babylon or Poland, but it's the tier below that, I reckon.
If this 'math' is so flawless, then I'd like to see how Austria (a massively overrated civ, IMO) can possibly be seen to be better at CV/SV/DomV than Sweden mathematically.
Or, if this is not an objective tier list but one guy's opinions, then perhaps it should just say that.
Not sure how many people here also play/have played Magic: The Gathering, but when I was competing in Duel Commander tournaments (mainly in France), a tier list was drawn up for these decks according to TOURNAMENT results.
So beyond one guy saying stuff like 'Assuming Sweden gifts ALL its GP, it can only earn X gold', you'd have to have SERIOUS and EXTENSIVE analysis of single-player results, including score, win time, etc, across a very large number of games.
I've recently started playing on Deity level, and winning about 50% of the time right now, so I'm no expert, and all of the above is just my opinion, but I encourage anyone else new to Deity to play as Sweden after a few tries with other civs on the same tier and see how VASTLY easier it is to win with them.
Let's face it: the hardest challenge to face is an early game poor-dirt start sandwiched between Genghis, Alex and Shaka. And Sweden does a GOOD job of pacifying these guys with a tangible bonus. OP thinks 5 friends after ideologies is unrealistic but I've had it twice and I'm not even a great player. I think, intuitively, that Sweden is almost unlosable at DiploV (the easier VC), techs brilliantly and has so many GP it HAS to be in the tier list. If/when the REAL math comes out, we'll see for sure, I guess.
[EDIT: I should say that I really loved the OP's thread on playing 'Small' as a very different way of playing, and I managed to secure a very fun win with it on my 2nd attempt, so I'm sad to disagree on the issue of this tier list.]