In the game great people have a list of techs and a preference for each tech (no techs have the same preference). With the same techs researched the same great person type will always give you the same tech.
First: Here's complete list of techs a prophet will get in the order they will try and get them (preference of tech they give you runs from top to bottom)
Great Prophet:
Meditation
Polytheism
Priesthood
Monotheism
Theology
Divine Right
Mysticism
Code of Laws
Civil Service
Monarchy
Literature
Music
Writing
Philosophy
Printing Press
Drama
Alphabet
Paper
Education
Liberalism
Calendar
Masonry
Animal Husbandry
Construction
Future Tech
