There are no longer any special "Dwarven Mines". Dwarves have the same chances as anyone else, they just happen to start with Earth Mana from their Palace.
Earth mana has a "iDiscoverRandModifier" of 20.
Mines have a "DiscoverRand" of 10000.
So one can take that to mean that with a mine you have a 1/100th Percent chance of discovering a resource. So with 100 mines (without any other bonuses yet), you'll get on average 1 resource every 100 turns.
I am not checking the code right now, but I presume this is divided by the sum of your DiscoverRandModifiers. Thus with a single Earth Mana source you make your chances 1 in 500, with a second source it is 1 in 250, add a third and it is 1 in 166. Until you get to having 10 and it is a chance in 50. So with 10 Earth mana and the same 100 bonus-free mines, you would on average find 2 new Resources every turn.
This of course means that while each Earth Mana is quite nice, it is really just the first one which is insanely critical, as it improves your chances the most dramatically (from 1/100th of a percent to a mere 1/5th of a percent per mine per turn).