The Iberian Union (II)
Politics
Political Parties
Ever since the 1830s, when José I Bonaparte managed to consolidate his rule, and when the new Spanish Constitution was written down, political parties have appeared in Iberia, claiming to represent the interests of the population, or at least a part of it. Currently, the most important parties are these:
- National: the major parties that get representation in all of Iberia:
- CIDA (Confederación Ibérica de Derechas Autónomas, Iberian Confederation of Autonomous Right-Wing Parties): a center-right party born in the 1920s from a coalition of older right-wing parties, it is currently the ruling party in the Iberian Union. It is quite moderate, and willing to negotiate with other parties in order to reach a consensus that satisfies most of the population, but there are still matters in which they do not want to give in, such as the matter of religious education.
- PPI (Partido Progresista Ibérico, Iberian Progressive Party): the main center-left Spanish party, born in the end of the 19th century by the hand of famed politician Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, it is currently in the opposition in Congress. Like the CEDA, it is quite moderate, although it differs in matters they believe affect to the freedoms of the people: for example, they wish to make it so that no child is forced to have a religion class at school if he or his parents wish it.
- PSOI (Partido Socialista Obrero Ibérico, Iberian Socialist Workers' Party): a left-wing party founded in the end of the 19th century by Pablo Iglesias, it defined itself as Marxist before a younger generation took over in the 1920s and changed it to what has been called "socialdemocracy". Currently the third most voted party in the whole nation.
- PTI (Partido Tradicionalista Ibérico, Traditionalist Iberian Party): this extreme right-wing party was born with the republic, intending to gain the Carlist supporters' votes and expanding their influence in order to restore the absolutist Bourbonic monarchy. Those that support them are people that like to embrace the romanticism and glory of the old Spanish Empire, believing that only under an absolutist king can Iberia become a superpower once more.
- PCI (Partido Comunista Ibérico, Iberian Communist Party): founded in the 1920s when the PSOI split after the turn of the party towards more moderate positions, the PCI is to the left what the PTI is to the right, but instead of calling for the restoration of the absolutist monarchy, they call for the abolishment of the current republican system and replace it for the "dictatorship of the proletariat". They are more or less equalised with the PTI in vote intention.
- Regionalist: these parties are the ones that only are voted in certain parts of Iberia.
- IC (Izquierda Catalana, Esquerra Catalana, Catalonian Left): representation from Cataluña, Levante and Baleares-Cerdeña. They call for the independence of the three Comunidades into a new state. While they attract several people thanks to some of their ideas, their call for outright independence doesn't sound well in the minds of the general population.
- CR (Convergencia Republicana, Republican Convergence): representation from Cataluña, Levante and Baleares-Cerdeña. A coalition of center-right catalan parties, while it supports the idea of an independent Catalan state, they nonetheless acknowledge that working with Iberia is better than working against it, and as such it attempts to collaborate with the CEDA in that regard.
- ETA (Pais Vasco y Libertad, Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, Basque Country and Liberty): representation from Vascongadas. The left-wing Basque independentist party, it is allied to IC in attempting to gain independence for their regions. Some say that they are a bit too enthusiastic in their attempts to do this.
- EAJ (Partido Nacionalista Vasco, Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea, Basque Nationalist Party): representation from Vascongadas. A centrist party, it is said to be the Convergencia Republicada of the Vascongadas, for their support of the Republic.
- EB (Izquierda Unida, Esker Batua, United Left): representation from Vascongadas. An offshoot of the PSOI, it acts as the moderate counterpoint to ETA in the Basque left-wing.
- BNG (Bloque Nacionalista Gallego, Bloque Nacionalista Galego, Galician Nationalist Bloc): representation from Galicia. A center-right Galician nationalist party, it advocates for greater autonomy given to the Comunidades, but always keeping the integrity of the Republic.
- PSP (Partido Socialista Portugués, Partido Socialista Português, Portuguese Socialist Party): representation in Algarve, Atlántico, Douro and Tejo. The representative of the PSOI in Portugal (with whom they are allied to) they call for further integration of ancient Portugal into Iberia, and for Portuguese to become an official language in all of Iberia.
Congreso de los Diputados
The Congress is the Lower House of the Parliament, and as such the most important. It is Congress where the President and the Prime Minister are voted on, and where most debates are held over laws.
Congress is elected once every four years, with the most recent elections being in 1957 (meaning that 1961 will have new elections). Every election, all parties develop a list for each province with several candidates on it, and depending on the number of votes lists get in a province, then a number of candidates from the list are chosen to represent the province. With 76 provinces on the map, the whole Congress has 500 Deputies, with the number of deputies each province gets fluctuating based on the population.
Elections of 1957:
- CIDA: 253 deputies (simple majority)
- PPI: 115 deputies
- PSOI: 100 deputies
- PTI: 4 deputies
- PCI: 4 deputies
- IC: 3 deputies
- CR: 4 deputies
- ETA: 2 deputies
- EAJ: 3 deputies
- EB: 3 deputies
- BNG: 4 deputies
- PSP: 5 deputies
Senado Español
The Senate is the Upper House of Parliament. While the Constitution of 1912 gave some of its powers to the Congress (such as the voting of the President) it still holds several, such as vetoing laws passed by Congress, approve constitutional ammendments, approve the appointment of the judges of the Constitutional Court and of the National Court Prosecutor, disciplining regional presidents or suspending local governments.
The Senate is formed by 100 senators, 76 of which come from each province, 18 are appointed by the regional governments and the remaining 6 are appointed by the President. They are chosen every four years in the mid-terms between each Deputies election. Last election was on 1959, meaning that 1963 will see a new Senatorial election.
Elections of 1959
- CIDA: 50 senators
- PPI: 30 senators
- PSOI: 15 senators
- PTI: 1 senator
- CR: 1 senator
- EB: 1 senator
- BNG: 1 senator
- PSP: 1 senator