I think that is the essence of the problem. Nowadays, American kids are taught to perform as well as they possibly can on the standardized tests, instead of actually being well-educated as they were in the past. But even such draconian measures still leave an achievement gap with countries that have better school systems, and they completely ignore areas which don't have achievement tests, such as geography, with disastrous results.
You know, I don't feel like I know enough about public education prior to the 1960s. I'm not really sure if we can say it was "better" than what we have now, considering we locked so many students out of that process, with segregated schools (which didn't just impact Black kids). I think the real, nationwide commitment to attempting to give every student an excellent education is fairly recent. Maybe we were really doing everything better in the 1950s. Maybe we weren't. I really don't know, and I'd have to investigate it more.
You mean we can no longer openly discriminate against blacks and other minorities? That we must finally treat everybody the same? Or are you referring to other "major political sacrifices"?
Yeah, I mean lots of other political sacrifices. I'll give you an example.
Teacher candidates in Finland (which are some of their top college graduates) do not have to go into debt to finance their continuing education. The district pays for it. Not only do American teachers have to take out quite a bit of money for their undergrads (what's the national average for undergrad debt now, close to 20G? More?), but they have to take out even more money for graduate school and continuing ed, which is not completely covered by districts. Then, you have to take those grad classes *while* you are teaching!
I was taking Masters classes at LSU while I was teaching...even with class only once every two weeks, it was HARD, and certainly impacted the quality of teaching.
A solution (since most policy reformers dwell on the fact that our teaching crop is dumb)? Any undergrad with a GPA above 3.0 who signs a 5 year contract to teach, with some % of it in a high poverty school, gets their loans paid off. All of them. Currently, we have a tiny AmeriCorps program (which the Republicans in the house cut), which less than 5% of the teaching population is eligible for. It gives you a little less than 5,000 a year, for a max of two years, and then they TAX IT when you use it. It doesn't really draw many smart folks into teaching.
The other major differences between the US and Finland are mainly structural...American teachers are asked to do *much* more besides teach (near the end of my year, I spent almost as much time working with social services agencies than I did lesson planning)...Finnish teachers have substantially more freedom to design and implement curriculum, WAY more internal professional development, and a very robust mentoring system. The US, for the past decade, has tried to find ways to get rid of experienced teachers, and many DOE economists have belittled the concept of teacher professional development.