The Self-immolation of Thích Quảng Đức
Walking around the Celestial Lady Pagoda & Temple grounds I came across a very interesting piece of history - the car that
Thích Quảng Đức used to travel from Hue to Ho Chi Minh City in 1963 to protest against the oppression of Buddhists in the country.
The photograph of Thích Quảng Đức's subsequent self-immolation with the car in the background sent chills down my spine, as I stood there staring at the car. I've seen that photograph so many times before.. and the car was always there, and yet it was easy to not really notice or think about it. Now it was standing right in front of me.. It made the other aspects of the photograph feel a lot more real as well.
At the time Vietnam was undergoing a period of instability known as
The Buddhist Crisis. Roman Catholic president
Ngô Đình Diệm and his government had passed several repressive measures such as the banning of the Buddhist flag, leading to periods of civil unrest (led mainly by Buddhist monks).
The spark for the crisis was the shooting and death of nine unarmed civilians in Huế, who were protesting against the government's anti-Buddhist measures. About a month later
Thích Quảng Đức had made his way to Ho Chi Minh City in the above Austin Westminster sedan. He got out of the car a few blocks southwest of the Presidential Palace along with two other monks, who helped him get seated on a cushion on the road. One of the monks took a five-gallon petrol can out of the trunk and poured it over Quảng Đức's head, as he sat on the cushion in a traditional meditative lotus position. Quảng Đức rotated a string of wooden prayer beads, recited the
Homage to Amitābha Buddha, then struck a match and dropped it on himself.
Thích Quảng Đức's last words were written down in a letter he had left:
"Before closing my eyes and moving towards the vision of the Buddha, I respectfully plead to President Ngô Đình Diệm to take a mind of compassion towards the people of the nation and implement religious equality to maintain the strength of the homeland eternally. I call the venerables, reverends, members of the sangha and the lay Buddhists to organize in solidarity to make sacrifices to protect Buddhism."
This act increased international pressure on the South Vietnamese government and President Ngô Đình Diệm did go on to make a national radio broadcast later that evening.. but in the end promised reforms were not implemented and the crisis continued. Five more Buddhist monks self-immolated before the year was over.
President Ngô Đình Diệm was deposed and assassinated during a military coup before the year was over as well. This put an end to the Buddhist Crisis, at least on paper.