Welcome!
But which Naval Civ would you say is the best? (most effective, most fun, however you feel like interpreting the question)
People have covered it but IMO it depends on how you envision yourself playing.
If you want to have a coastal empire stretching along the shore, then England+Phoenicia are the best for that. Phoenicia because they literally focus on settling on the shore, although they are more peaceful.
Victoria-England because they also have a unique harbor district and they get free naval units every time you make one. So that helps with the Big Navy you desire. England also is quite flexible with Workshop of the World, which boosts basically everything once you get to the industrial: powered buildings provide:
food, production, gold, science, culture, amenities.
And the +4 in those areas, sometimes more than once per city, is some serious benefits.
If you want to be more about the water itself, Indonesia is unbelievably good on water heavy maps because of their unique Kampung improvement. It gives production and housing, which is normally what maritime cities lack. My biggest ever cities since launch in 2016 have been Indonesian. The Jong is a frigate that you can unlock earlier, which is also very strong.
I've not had much fun with Phoenecia though... Perhaps its been my starting locations but I just can't seem to play to their advantages.... Tips?
The key with Phoenicia is to recognize that you're really just trying to expand fast with your settler bonuses and leverage that big empire to win. One great trick is that since you can move the capital, if you place it on another continent from most of your cities, you can use Policy Cards like Colonial Taxes (+10% production and +25% gold) and Colonial Offices (+15% growth and +3 loyalty) to then apply to all those cities!
Alternatively, note that they have full loyalty for their coastal cities on the same continent as their capital. Because of how loyalty works, this means you can move your capital and aggressively settle the coast in someone's face, and once your cities get big enough you can even start flipping their cities to you. Or move your capital again and spread to a new target.