I want to talk about Luxury Resources and Amenities. The first copy of every Luxury Resource you settle on or improve grants +1 Amenity to up to four cities for a total of +4 Amenities throughout your empire. Multiple copies of a Luxury Resource do NOT stack (so you have the same total Amenities if you have 1 improved Cotton or 12). Also, Amenities from a Luxury Resource do NOT stack in a single city (so if you only have two cities, a single improved Cotton does NOT give +2 Amenities to both cities. You simply miss out on the other +2 Amenities until you get two more cities.) Of course, Luxury Resources aren't the only source of Amenities. You also get Amenities from policy cards, the Classical Republic government, districts, wonders, and buildings, some improvements; and, for the purpose of this thread, suzerain bonuses.
So why do we want Amenities? Cities receive either bonuses or maluses according to AVAIL - DEMAND, where AVAIL = (number of Amenities available in the city) and DEMAND = (demand for Amenities in the city). DEMAND is determined based on population. At 3 population a city's citizens will demand 1 Amenity. Then, every 2 population thereafter will require an additional +1 Amenity. Expressed as (population) : (Amenity demand), this is 3:1, 5:2, 7:3, etc. If a city is able to exactly meet its Amenity demand (i.e., AVAIL = DEMAND) then there are no bonuses or maluses. If there's a surplus of at least +3 Amenities (AVAIL > DEMAND + 3) then the excess food gets a +20% modifier when calculating pop growth and all other yields get +10%. Otherwise, if there's a surplus of at least +1 Amenities (AVAIL > DEMAND + 1) then the excess food gets a +10% modifier and all other yields get +5%.
Here's the thing. For a large chunk of the game we players are contending with housing caps in our cities. If there's only 1 more Housing than Population in a city then the city gets a -50% modifier on excess food when calculating pop growth. If the housing deficit is more severe then the city gets a -75% modifier. So, we're not actually getting +10% or +20% on our pop growth—we're getting -40% or -30%. Our cities will grow slowly regardless of whether they're happy or not, so I don't care about the pop growth boost. That means the only useful benefit from Amenities is +5% or +10% to our other yields. Which is... OK, I guess?. Kilwa Kisiwani is generally considered a top-tier wonder because it (situationally) gives +15% to all CS-respective yields in all our cities. But we have a lot of control over suzerain status and can reliably control that +15% in all our cities.
But we aren't really getting +5% or +10% in all our cities. We have no control over how Amenity sources are distributed. The AI generally tries to distribute Amenities equally without any one city becoming very unhappy. Which is fine, but it ends up with our small 5 Pop cities generally having +1 or +2 Amenities while our giant 25 pop cities are at +0 Amenities because the larger city has the greater demand for Amenities. We're getting the Amenity boost, but it's coming from the city with negligible yields.
So. We can't control the distribution of Amenities. The growth to pop growth rate is negligible relative to the malus from being at housing cap. The yield boost is usually seen in our least valuable cities. And the +1 and +3 cutoffs mean that there's no additional reward going from +1 -> +2 or having anything more than +3 in a city. So there's a very real possibility that investing in getting another source of Amenities gives 0 payoff. Amenities usually aren't worth the investment.
Akkad [16]
Antananarivo [17]
Antioch [10]
Auckland [17]
Babylon [15]
Bologna [17]
Buenos Aires [14] 17-3 There are 12 bonus resources in the game. Buenos Aires gives +1 Amenity to 1 city (not 4) for every unique improved Bonus Resource. This is actually reasonable in the early game because your capital could get +3 Amenities from improved Fish, Stone, and Rice, for example. But compare the +5% or +10% Amenity yield boost to the value we get from chopping. Or the value we get from crushing those resources to build Districts. And considering that we usually don't have more than 6 or 7 improved Bonus Resources until far too late into the game for it to matter, Buenos Aires is quite overrated.
Brussels [16]
Caguana [16]
Cahokia [17] The mounds provide both Housing and Amenities, so we get the pop growth rate boost AND remove the malus from not enough housing. Add in the gold and this is a good CS.
Fez [9]
Geneva [15]
Granada [16]
Hattusa [4]
Hong Kong [15]
Hunza [16]
Kabul [16]
Kandy [12]
Kumasi [15]
La Venta [17] 16+1 This CS alone can directly win you the game after researching Flight, alongside Rapa Nui. Upvoting because it has the lower vote count.
Lahore [18]
Mitla [10]
Muscat [10] Not upvoting this but I think it's better than Buenos Aires. It comes online slower than BA but it has a much higher possible ceiling than either BA or Zanzibar in terms of total Amenities added to the empire. CHs are usually first-build districts anyway in new cities. Unless you have a Harbor site, which is a reasonable knock against Muscat.
Nan Madol [18]
Nazca [15]
Ngazargamu [9]
Rapa Nui [18]
Taruga [13]
Valletta [20]
Vatican City [13]
Yerevan [20]
Zanzibar [19]