Contractors and subcontractors extracting profit at the expense of the project is only part of the problem. It's also unique to the NASA and military contractor models. These are not problems inherent to the entire economy (this model has little relevance to, say, the tech sector which the government also helped springboard). In the case of launch vehicles, SpaceX has shown that the way to improve here is to eliminate that structure, but not to eliminate the profit motive. (To preempt an objection, I don't know what should be done to reduce military waste since privatizing the military is obviously a step too far. But we're not arguing about that.) The contractor model arises from the fact that the government has limited expertise, ability, and resources and needs to go outside its agencies for certain manufacturing and engineering roles. This will never change unless you propose a radical restructuring of the scope and role of government. Assuming you do, we have fundamental disagreements that won't be overcome in this thread. But as you know, the Soviet model produced reliable and somewhat cost-effective launch vehicles that continue to be used today. However, these vehicles are lagging behind and lack innovation in recent years due to SpaceX's dominance. In fact, SpaceX has wiped Russia off the map when it comes to the commercial launch industry. That says a lot about which system is superior. The contractor model in the US and Europe has failed to keep up and the government-owned corporation model in Russia has also failed to keep up. Neither system showed interest in lowering launch costs or ushering in reusability until SpaceX arrived. That is why it's abundantly clear that those systems were not going to innovate without private sector pressure.
It's worth mentioning that satellites were initially an exclusively government enterprise that eventually turned into a private sector worth billions that provides communication, television, and imaging services. Again, with the rise of dozens of smallsat launch vehicle companies and other launchers like Blue Origin, the launch vehicle industry will likely become increasingly privatized as well. Eventually, there'll be no room for this "public utility" argument just as few people argue that social media or search engines should be public utilities.