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The theoretical strongest start possible is probably on desert. The desert pantheon is very strong, you get access to a very strong wonder. Guaranteed fresh water sources, floodplain bonus food, oases; I really think desert start bias is a huge advantage. In theory production is an issue, but desert almost guarantees your luxuries are mines, and has a high chance of getting iron, stone, and marble. You don't get forest to chop, and horses don't appear on desert, but those downsides are very manageable.
We'll have to agree to disagree on this point. Some desert-starts are decent enough, and yeah the desert pantheon is great with some starts. But I just remember all those 7 floodplain 0 hills rest flat desert starts I've gotten, those are definitely not viable.
Also unless you've got strategic balance activated, which kinda messes up the tiles, horses can't spawn in desert, which is a huge problem.
I honestly hate grassland without forests. Flat grassland is such a weak tile, many plantations that appear on it are very weak at first, some recover later in the game but some don't.
Don't think I've ever seen a grassland start without hills or forests, definitely seen without one of them, but never both.
You're quite right about grassland having a higher number of bad luxuries available, but that's mainly because grassland pretty much enables all luxuries.
Did anyone claim that they were? I think Egypt had avoid forest in vanilla so I would be fine with that. Given this start it seems unlikely to me that Egypt has avoid forest currently (but maybe I'm just that unlucky)
This debate has been had elsewhere but several people seem to think Jungle is actually pretty good (myself included). Its just so food and production heavy, and tiles like Coca or jungle marble are so strong. I consider this start very good overall (even for Egypt), wouldn't you?
No idea what their current bias is actually.
As far as jungle-starts go, you're absolutely welcome to disagree with me there. Your attached start is fairly decent, worth mentioning that it's not really a jungle-start as half the tiles are forest, but fair enough. That's one of the better jungle-starts available and it would still get destroyed if you had hiawatha or montezuma as a neighbor, and your strategic choices from that point are fairly limited.
I mean you're REALLY lucky that you don't have any close neighbors to soak up your space before you do, and to have Venice as the closest neighbor.
Anyways, to each their own.