The Fall of 1878 was the largest catastrophe to befall mankind. A series of meteors fell to the Earth with the energy of over 100 megatons destroying everyting from Moscow to France in Europe and the Americas. A meteorite in the North Atlantic created giant tsunamis, ravaging the coasts of Continental Europe, Ireland and Scandinavia. The following three years were freezing- the debris created from the meteorite impacts combined with the disruption of the Gulf Stream created a mini Ice Age that froze most of Europe and Northern North America, leaving much of Western Civilization at the mercy of hordes of cannibal tribes. Both surviving nations- Greece and Andalusia- found themselves under a state of social upheval. Under the guidance of two men assuming the identities of Simon Bolivar and Francisco de Miranda, the Andalusians overthrew their corrupt monarchy and replaced it with a Socialist government according to the political system of the mysterious "Jose Rafael-Puan". The Greeks, on the other hand, merely sought to replace the working of the monarchy, with the King himself still in power.
Great Britain was only spared from the Tsunamis by Ireland- even then the cold winters forced Queen Victoria and the late Benjamin Disraeli to mount a massive migration to India. A regime, dubbed 'The Angrezi Raj', was formed. The Raj became even more oppressive to the native Indians in these years: the dwindling food supplies normally grown and eaten by the Indians were given to the British, and the attempts to rebuild Britain overseas meant that the Indians soon found themselves the victims of widespread discrimination and racism. Finally, in 1879, the Second Mutiny overthrew the Angrezi Raj and returned India to the rule of local princes. Only two nations: Madras in the South and Sindh in the North, had any agenda beyond the welfare of the cities that they occupied.
However, South Africa was largely neglected by the Raj. Upon watching the self-destruction of the Raj, King Cecil Rhodes was eventually convinced that their nation's survival depended on the cooperation of everyone in South Africa, regardless of race or creed. Although most of the power is in hand of the whites, blacks are soon gaining power, while racism is nearly dead. Other nations, noticing the Raj's fall, followed South Africa's suit. The 3me Republique en Exile (centred on Indochina) and New Portugal (centred on Angola) managed to survive thanks in no small part to the passing of equal rights to the natives. The Republic of New Britain, established in Australia, also managed to do this, although Maori Revolution in Aoteaora was the main catalyst for this rather than the Second Mutiny.
North America was almost completely destroyed. The coast of the Southern United States and Florida were almost completely wiped of human habitation, with the region only being resettled by hardy Ohian colonists fleeing from the frozen wastes that were their former home. Although California was hard hit by the frosts, it has south enough for civilization to survive intact and is now the home of the exiled American government.
In Latin America, the British-backed Mayans managed to take most of Mexico from the collapsing nation of Mexico, soon managing to re-unite the country under the leadership of President Poot. Bolivia found itself the target of many Spaniards fleeing from their homeland, they be Hispanics fleeing from the collapse of their societies or Spaniards opposing the new regieme in Andalusia. The Bolivians manage to intergrate these refugees into their power base, making Bolivia an emergent power in South America. Brazil is still an economic powerhouse, but the continuing apathy of Dom Pedro II and the increasing dissatisfaction of the former slave holders means that it may soon be eclipsed by Bolivia in terms of power and influence in the continent. However, the strangest development in South America's recent history came in the form of Sørvinland. Hundreds of ships carrying thousands of refugees from Norway landed in Patagonia. Reestablishing themselves in the new city of Odinstorby, the Sørvinlanders eventually converted to the old Asatru religion of their ancestors, believing that the Fall had meant that Jehovah had turned his back on Creation.
In Asia, a more sinister variation of this conviction was largely echoed in the higher-ups of Russian society. The eccentric aristocrat Vladimir Obromovich Igantieff managed to rebuild Russia as the Slavic Kingdom, an empire based slavery and oppression. In addition, Ignatieff twistic the tenets of the obscure but benelovent Yazidi Cult of Malik Nous into a twisted parody of Christianity and Satanism, with the cannibalism that was a neccesity in Europe being turned into its sacrament. The Mongols, who had relocated themselves into Gangsu Province, looked on in horror and sympathy as their Uzbek and Turkmen brothers were butchered for these debauched rituals.
The opposite religious convictions: occured in the Middle East: a one Nedim K(han?) declared himself to be head of the Ummah upon the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Declaring that the Fall was Allah's punishment for the decadence of the world, he organised the Arabs in Palestine into the Islamic Republic, with the reunification of the Muslim World being their goal. The Caliphate of Sokoto has the same nominal goals as Palestine, but on a regional scale: only West Africa is the domain of the Caliph. The Mahdi in Sudan is similar, but is mired in infrastructure problems. The Khanate of Tunis was founded by refugees fleeing from the Ottoman collapse that mingled with the Berbers and Arabs: being masters of both horse and sail, they will surely be a power to be reckoned with in the years to come.
Like the Bolivians in the New World, Ethiopia became a target for refugees, thanks to the efforts of Menelik II in convincing many skilled labourers to emigrate to his empire upon the fall of Europe. Soon, Ethiopia had transformed from a backwards rural state to a modern, industrialised Empire, the jewel of Africa. However, the prospering Ethiopian Empire was looked upon with envy by the Sultan of Zanzibar, ruler of Eastern Africa...
The decaying Qing Dynasty had collapsed completely, with the only nation being larger than a city state being the Empire of Dai Nippon headed by the Meiji Emperor, who had organised an evacuation to China (which had gone much more smoothly than the Angrezi Raj once the Japanese declared themselves to be protecters of the Chinese rather than conquerors).