I don't even think there is social regression. That apparently quick "modernization" of the 1970s was a thin veneer applied by "progressive" (not entirely fond of the word, but it'd be hard to explain) governments trying to change their countries where most of the population was not on board with the new ideas. These things take time. And most of those governments got toppled in one way or another before they had the time to get thinks to change. In different ways in each country, so each country should be discussed in its own details if you wise to discuss the past. Even in Israel where there were no coups the political situation is
very fragmented, and this is a
result of changes.
"Islamicization" seems to be, for its adherents, an attempt to find some kind of stable basis in a situation that has indeed changed. Its success is a measure of the real change that has been happening in the region as the old (and
sometimes more tolerant) ways of life were wiped out by modernization. They have not gone backwards, they've advanced forward and gotten into the problems that change brings: the old is torn down before the new is ready, anything can happen. They'll also find ways to get out of the problems.
It was perhaps assumed that technical modernization would lead the rest of the world to automatically adopt the "western" social model, as if there was a single inevitable modern way of like. This was absurd. Different countries there have different backgrounds and there is (fortunately) not a global, homogeneous culture. It's up to the people of each to navigate their own paths. But repressive theocratic rule anywhere does not look like it'll have much staying power. Most of the trouble in the Middle East is that too many of the countries there have governments that also want to exercise power in other countries. And believe that necessary for their own safety. And are faced with other countries from outside playing chess there. Deescalation of both ambitions and fears is going to be a very complicated effort but it is the only good way forward. At least now everyone seems to be saying that word. Some hope.