Liberals & Conservatives

Maj

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I often see these two words and their suffixed cousins tossed around these forums, from the most 'innocent' of topics to the most controvertial. From the definitions I've read (and have yet to read) it would appear that these terms have more definitions for them than they have letters in them.

What are your definitions for a liberal (or liberalism) and a conservative (or conservativism)? And if your definition does not already include it, what are your gripes with both or one of these ideologies?

- Maj
 
I can't tell what they are anymore.

From what I've seen, they both seem to be in favour of government control. (e.g. most 'liberals' are in favour of gun control, and most conservatives are in favour of pro-life when it comes to abortion.)

They are both capitalist, although perhaps to different extents.

All I see is one party wanting the same things.

(Note: I was assuming you meant what the Americans here mean when they say liberals and conservatives, so I took their government as an example)
 
From what I've seen, they both seem to be in favour of government control. (e.g. most 'liberals' are in favour of gun control, and most conservatives are in favour of pro-life when it comes to abortion.)

This is wrong. In a basic definition using the most simple of political tools, liberal is center and conservative is right-wing (if you want to know more about this political tool I suggest you read about the French revolution). This means that a conservative supports laissez faire (limited government intervention) economic policies. A Liberal supports increased government intervention, but not to the extent of a socialist (left-wing). the policies discussed above are more to do with political parties and their current viewpoint (remember the democrats used to be against federal government intervention or "big government"). However if you want to class American parties then Democrats are more liberal and Republicans are more conservative. The best example of political parties being labels is in my country, Britain. We have the Conservatives, the Liberal Democrats (used to be just the Liberals) and the Labour party. The Conservatives are obvious, as are the liberals, labour has more socialist policies (maybe not including the current government).

If this didn't confuse you enough there is the historic defintions. Liberals at the turn of the century were the up-and-coming industrialists or middle-class. They wanted more democratic system of government because they were being excluded from power by the elites. The elites were traditional landowners who were conservatives. They didn't want change because, obviously, it meant giving up some power. That is why they supported the monarchy over parliament in many countries (for example Russia).

I hope this goes some way to explaining these terms but the difficult thing is that they change meaning over time. So I hope I have given you the information you need to understand these terms when used in other forums.
 
As someone who lives in Scotland, I'd say that Labour is pretty right wing.

We don't have any left-wing paries in the mainsteam. the SSP only has one MSP in Holyrood.

The consevatives will never win another election as they are foing to go further right. Why can't they see most people are in the centre? If only Ken Clarke had won...

Labor scrapped their ideas of re-nationalizing everything when Blair became leader.

The SNP seem to be a one-policy party, and they can't even agree on it!
 
Out of simple laziness I'll quote from Paul M Johnson's Political Glossary:

"Liberalism

1: A 19th century political viewpoint or ideology associated with strong support for a broad interpretation of civil liberties for freedom of expression and religious toleration, for widespread popular participation in the political process, and for the repeal of protectionist legal restrictions inhibiting the operation of a capitalist free market economy.

2: In the 20th century US, the term has come to describe an ideology with similar views on civil liberties and personal freedom issues but now supporting a much stronger role for government in regulating and manipulating the private economy and providing public support for the economically and socially disadvantaged, though still stopping well short of full socialism.

In Europe, the term liberalism is still used more in its 19th century sense, and European liberals are rather more respectful of the values of the free market than their American namesakes, whose views sometimes more closely resemble those of Europeans styling themselves as social democrats.

Conservatism

1: A general preference for the existing order of society and an opposition to all efforts to bring about rapid or fundamental change in that order. Conservative ideologies characteristically strive to show that existing economic and political inequalities are well justified and that the existing order is about as close as is practically attainable to an ideal order. Conservative ideologies most often base their claims on the teachings of religion and traditional morality and tend to downplay the reliability of purely rational or deductive social theories propounded by secular philosophers, economists, and other social thinkers. The specific content of "conservatism" is highly variable across societies and over time, since the arguments necessary to defend the status quo depend upon what the status quo is in any particular country. Because American political and economic institutions were very heavily influenced by 18th and 19th century liberal thought and because America had essentially no experience of the kind of feudal and aristocratic institutions that persisted for so long in Europe, contemporary American conservatism's content includes a much stronger commitment to free markets, individual rights, and political democracy and much less attachment to hereditary aristocracy and state-support for a particular religion than is characteristic of contemporary European conservatism.

2: In Maddox and Lilie's classification of American political ideologies, a political point of view characterized by relatively high support for activist government intervention to enforce traditional morality or social values coupled with relatively high opposition to activist government when it comes to intervening in economic or business affairs. "

All of which I pretty much agree with.
 
Ah yes, but in Britain, it is 'New labour'. Not bigger, not better, but more conservative...

The push in our country is that the Liberal Democrats now appear left-winged, Labour now centre and slightly right and the conservatives hopelessly right.

The Oxford English dictionary defines Liberal- 'favouring moderate political and social reform/ liberal views' The Liberal party is 'a political party favouring moderate reforms (as MrPres said)

Conservatives- a political party disposed to maintain existing institutions and promote private enterprise.

Hoped this helped!
 
Originally posted by Blackadder
Labour now centre and slightly right

I am unconvinced by this. It's a perception formed mainly by a sensationalist media, in my opinion.

Labour are very rightist social democrats, nothing more.
 
This means that a conservative supports laissez faire (limited government intervention)

It should be noted that this (laissez faire) was the traditional roots of the Liberal Party in Britain, intill the move to 'new liberalism' around 1906 to 1909.

Here is my veiw of the current politics in Britain:

Conservatives - Boardering on extreme right

Liberals - officially center, I think that they will stay this way instead of drifting to the left (as some of there policies indicate) to capatilise of dissilusioned conservative voters

Labour - Center right but there is strong socialist roots which may begin to show when Blair (finally) goes. Recently there has begun to be some dissent and rebellion among the Labour backbenchers which could have implication for the future of the party.

As for viable left-wing alternatives I would say that the Socailist Alliance and other similar parties might begin to see an increase in votes from dissilulusioned Labour voters:)
 
Originally posted by ComradeDavo
Labour - Center right

You people keep banding this about because it's fashionable, yet you offer no evidence to suggest that they are. They're certainly the only 'centre-right' party I know of that practices tax and spend policies.
 
Valid point there Hamlet, but the reason I brand Labour as center, leaning towards the right is because of the fanatical way they obsess with image, Tony Blair's unwillingness to have an democratic house of Lords and the way in which he seems to have full control over the party and how it is controlled by the labour whips (reminder of Paul Marsden), the fact that it constantly 'sucks up' to America (left-wingers most definetly don't do this!), Labours policy of Privitisation (I get fed up of the 'it was the tories who started it' argument), the fact they have not made any moves to abolish the monarchy and a whole lot of other things along these lines.

What I am basically saying is that Labours policies appear to be 'center' in nature and the way in which the party is controlled is verging on right-wing, thus I describe them as 'center right', just to the right of the center!
 
Originally posted by ComradeDavo
Valid point there Hamlet, but the reason I brand Labour as center, leaning towards the right is because of the fanatical way they obsess with image, Tony Blair's unwillingness to have an democratic house of Lords

How does this in any way make him centre right? People from all over the political spectrum oppose total democratisation of the lords for good reasons, however this does not make them centre-right.

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
and the way in which he seems to have full control over the party and how it is controlled by the labour whips (reminder of Paul Marsden),

That doesn't make him centre-right, that just makes him a control freak.

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
the fact that it constantly 'sucks up' to America (left-wingers most definetly don't do this!),

Kyoto shows that Blair will go his own way when he feels it's right.

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
Labours policy of Privitisation (I get fed up of the 'it was the tories who started it' argument),

They haven't actually privatised that much. The idea that everything and it's wife should be nationalised is totally defunct anyway. Some things work better privatised, some things work better nationalised.

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
the fact they have not made any moves to abolish the monarchy

No government, left wing, right wing or liberal has ever attempted to do so, and public opinion is generally against it.

What's your point?

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
What I am basically saying is that Labours policies appear to be 'center' in nature and the way in which the party is controlled is verging on right-wing, thus I describe them as 'center right', just to the right of the center!

You seem to be saying that because he isn't as left as you want him to be, he is somehow right wing, which is wrong. Just because somebody isn't as leftist as you, they are not automatically some sort of political deviant.

Also, I don't know how you equate right wing with undemocratic. The Conservative party is far more democratic than Labour.
 
hmmmm.......

well I think you missed my point..... the Labour party has 'center' policies, thus explaing the 'center' and instead of doing left-wing things like nationalising the railways he has gone for the right-wing things like giving loads of money to private oraganisations to control the railways, thus the 'right'. Center-right. Center..On the Right-side.

----------------extreme left---------------------------------------------
--
----------------left-wing----------------
--
center left
center center----------
center right :::Labour:::
--
---------------right-wing---------------
--
---------------extreme right

Tony Blair is most certainly not left-wing, he has 'center' policies, and these center based policies are more towards the left than the right. I ain't saying he's right-wing, i'm saying he's center. In fact from now on lets just say labour are center. so now i am dropping the 'right'.

labour = center
 
Originally posted by ComradeDavo
hmmmm.......

well I think you missed my point.....

Did I?

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
the Labour party has 'center' policies, thus explaing the 'center'

Labour has captured the centre ground, which is slightly different.

His ideological stance to me is centre-left, I.E social democratic: accepts that he needs to work within captialist system, yet there has to be social justice and equality.

That's social democracy to me.

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
and instead of doing left-wing things like nationalising the railways

See, here it is again. You can't get out of your own private mindset that reverting to nationalisation is the only course a 'true' leftist could take. You're essentially living in a pre-1983 existance that claimed that nationlisation was the only way to approach services and industries. That sort of position is no longer viable with the British public as the utter humiliation of The 1983 general election showed.

It a similar sort of thing with The Tories; they've had two 1983's now, and have yet to wake up to their own need to reform themselves. Like the labour party that chose Michael Foot over Dennis Healey, they are yet to wake up to political reality, as they chose Iain Duncan-Smith over Kenneth Clarke. The tories will pay for that decsion at the ballot box, just like Labour did in 1983.

Blair hasn't re-nationalsied Coal and Steel. Does that make him centre-right?

:rolleyes:

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
he has gone for the right-wing things like giving loads of money to private oraganisations to control the railways,

I'm not sure about the loads of money.

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
thus the 'right'. Center-right. Center..On the Right-side.

See above

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
Tony Blair is most certainly not left-wing,

He isn't left wing to you because he isn't screaming about nationalisation from the rooftops and hoisting the red flag over Buck house. That doesn't make him not a left winger, just not a left winger by your standards.

Like I've said before, because someone isn't as leftist as you, that doesn't mean they aren't ideologically 'pure'.

I'd probably not be left-wing to you, but I think of myself as being so.

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
he has 'center' policies,
and these center based policies are more towards the left than the right. I ain't saying he's right-wing, i'm saying he's center. In fact from now on lets just say labour are center. so now i am dropping the 'right'.

Strange turnaround of opinion you've had.

:D

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
labour = center

*cough*centre-left*cough*

Well, the leadership anyway. The grass roots are further to the left than Blair and chums, as is often the case with the two main parties; the leadership is more moderate than the party itself, the present Tory leadership being the exception to this rule of course. :rolleyes:
 
Hamlet, just curious.

You earlier said that Labour was a very right-wing Social Democracy Party.

You explained that Social Democracy is centre left.

Does that not balance into Center, as ComradeDavo last stated?
 
Originally posted by Blackadder
Hamlet, just curious.

You earlier said that Labour was a very right-wing Social Democracy Party.

You explained that Social Democracy is centre left.

Does that not balance into Center, as ComradeDavo last stated?

This is false and due to poor reading. I said Labour were very rightist social democrats. A right wing social democrat is a contradiction in terms.

In political terms they are on the centre left, however I would consider myself on the centre left, but by the same token I believe in what would be considered more left wing policies than those Labour currently practice. We both recognise the need to maintain ourselves with a capitalist system, but we disagree on how much we have to do so - I prefer more leftist policies than those Blair believes, but we both believe in re-distibution of wealth, and social equality. I believe that most social democrats are of my variety, hence Labour are rightist social democrats.

it's similar to when we say somebody is on The left of the party- It doesn't mean they are literally left wing - Take Kenneth Clarke for instance. He would be on The left of the Conservative party.

That is just my view, though, and you can define them almost anywhere within social democracy/ The centre left that you chose, if you can make a case for it.

I personally don't believe that there is anything ideological called "The Centre."

Labour's policies are, despite what has been said, centre-left, I.E social democratic.

Positioning oneself on the centre is an ongoing process as the mood of the electroate changes - Thatcher positioned herself succesfully in the centre ground in the 80's, but as public feeeling changed, Blair positioned himself on the centre ground in the late 90's - One by spouting 'New' right economic reform, the other by spouting incresed spending on public services. Essentially, in fact, almost contradictory, but both succesful.

Thus, "The Centre ground" is a changing and mutable thing in the minds of the elecorate as a whole that cannot be defined in ideological terms. It changes. It develops.

"Centre left", etc are merely used in reference to a sort of moderate, more consesual style on both sides of the political spectrum and shouldn't be confused with "The Centre ground"

Hope that clarifies the issue.
 
Hamlet, are you just trying to degrade everything I say???

Come on, you know damn well that I am stating a veiw held by many political commentators (please don't make me look up there names just watch newsnight and question time etc once in a while)

There as been much disscussion over what course the Liberals will be taking, wether they will keep in there traditional 'center' posistion, move right to tempt dissilushioned moderate Tory voters of move left to capatilise on dissilushioned labour supporters, as it is widely seen that as the Tories drift further right and Labour are abonding there traditional support.

As for saying just 'center', that was in terms of simple right, left, center.

As for privitisation, come on! the left wing parties (for example the socialist party) call for re-nationalisation of many industries but Labour dismiss these calls out of hand, not very 'left' of them!
 
Originally posted by ComradeDavo
Hamlet, are you just trying to degrade everything I say???

No, just challenging it. Succesfully, I might add, although I say so myself.

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
Come on, you know damn well that I am stating a veiw held by many political commentators (please don't make me look up there names just watch newsnight and question time etc once in a while)

I personally don't know of any worth their salt that call them centre right. If they do then they need to remove their heads from their backsides and do a detailed, clear-headed, academic anaylsis of Labour's policies, rather than going along with populist right wing nonsense.

So far you have been unable to succesfully claim that they are anywhere near centre right. Trying to claim that because they aren't dedicated adherents to Arthur Scargill's views makes them so is nonsense, which is what you seem to be doing.

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
There as been much disscussion over what course the Liberals will be taking, wether they will keep in there traditional 'center' posistion, move right to tempt dissilushioned moderate Tory voters of move left to capatilise on dissilushioned labour supporters, as it is widely seen that as the Tories drift further right and Labour are abonding there traditional support.

This is all very nice, but how does it relate to the subject at hand?

Originally posted by ComradeDavo
As for saying just 'center', that was in terms of simple right, left, center.

As for privitisation, come on! the left wing parties (for example the socialist party) call for re-nationalisation of many industries but Labour dismiss these calls out of hand, not very 'left' of them!

Again, it's the Michael Foot or Arthur Scargill mentality at work here.

It's old, it's failed, and it's a relic of a past era of political thinking.

Later on I'll present their policies in depth and you can examine how 'centre right' they are. Now I have to eat.
 
Hello all! My first visit and post in a very long time. Very few of you probably know me now. Lots of turnover, I guess. Just took a quick look and couldn't resist the topic title.

I think I'm the first American to post on this topic, so I'll offer from that POV. But I'm aware what I have to offer is probably not new to anyone ... I'm not outside the States looking in, like the posters on this thread, but I'd guess our culture is so much "out in the world" that you probably know a lot more about Am politics than I know about yours. And I'm not saying that's a good thing.

Having read the posts so far, I've learned enough to see that political parties and gov'ts in other countries are VERY different than in America, which is why I have so much trouble understanding BBC World News on our public TV.

Since I can't comment on the British, Scottish, and other European politics here thusfar, I'll have to refer to the original post from my neighbor to the north.

Originally posted by Maj
What are your definitions for a liberal (or liberalism) and a conservative (or conservativism)? And if your definition does not already include it, what are your gripes with both or one of these ideologies?

Over here (from my POV, of course), there are really only Democrats (usually liberals) and Republicans (usually conservatives). The liberals are considered Left, the conservatives are considered Right. (When compared to the above posts, this shows how relative everything really is.) I would count myself as a liberal, maybe more towards the center on a few things, but I don't count myself as a Democrat. I think both parties screw things up and I think only two parties in power are too few, so I'm registered "Independent" or "non-affiliated". I also believe people ought to vote their conscience on every issue at hand, instead of "with the party line".

I see liberals as having more, well, liberal interpretations of things, and likewise, conservatives having stricter interpretations. Liberals believe our ills are caused more by social conditions and that in many ways we are our brothers' keepers ... in our case that Federal government should be an instrument that ties and pools this country together and takes care of everyone in multiple ways. Conservatives believe our ills are caused more by gov't restrictions and not enough economic freedom and that everyone should take care of themselves (and immediate families) and if you're not in a good place then that's your own fault and don't ask me to pay for it ... and that the Fed gov't should stay out of nearly everything and leave almost all governing to the States and locales.

The archtypal liberal is the long-haired, tie-dyed, social-activist, vegetarian hippie from the mid-60s. I see 2 archtypes for conservatives: the neatly-shaved, dark-suited business man with 2.3 kids and the wife cooking in the kitchen of their single-family home ... AND ... the jeans-clad, Marlboro-smoking cowboy or farmer, complete with boots, hat and gunrack on the back of the pickup truck. The only reason Bush won is because the latter of these vote and have an easier time doing so and the more downtrodden cannot, do no, or many times are prevented from voting, either directly or indirectly.

For me, my classification comes from my spirituality ... I believe that we are all connected, that we are all one but seeming separate ... that we are made from the same stuff, infused with the same spirit and are ultimately part of the same entity or "God", though we call It by differing names and have differing beliefs about what It is across our world.

From this belief, I view us as inextricably connected with our environment ... and I mean the one you see from space, not the one with artificial lines and territories in varying shades of pink, yellow, orange, green, etc. This lumps me in with the liberals because I believe more in protecting the environment than in tapping it's resources (without at least giving back to it EQUALLY).

On the political scene, this makes me favor putting 5 years of apolitical (non-oil company controlled) effort into researching alternative power technologies and making them mainstream, instead of drilling for even more oil in untouched parts of our countries, which will take 5 years to see any results anyway ... and even then, we've only bought a little time because it WILL run out someday and we'll end up HAVING to research those technologies from a point of weakness (without the oil to move around) instead of strength. This also has me purchase and use an electric lawn mower for my yard, simply because the emissions from 1 hour of gas-powered mowing is as much emissions as a drive from Baltimore to Connecticut (that's a long way).

From the view that we are all one, I feel we ought to take care of each other and that we hurt ourselves when we do not. So I cannot view the troubled who commit crime as having their own problems they have to work out behind bars ... I view them as people who need help so they have no desire to commit crime, benefiting us all. Conservatives would rather focus on enforcement and punishment AFTER the crimes are commited, than the sources of the problems so there is very little need for enforcement and punishment at all. Conservatives say spending "their" money on education and social programs is a waste for them ... but think of what can be saved for everyone (not only in money, but in time and grief) if there was no need to have large police forces and we wouldn't have to pay nearly as much for jails and keeping large numbers of people in them. Of course, the conservative view on saving money on jails is simply to kill more prisoners and have them out of our way ... my philosophy doesn't allow for that ... and since I believe "what goes around, comes around" I have to consider it's effect if it happened to me or a member of my family before I could get behind it.

I personally view liberals as more consistent and conservatives as inconsistent. Liberals would want more money pooled together centrally to be able to run all schools as top-notch and have many social programs to help those who aren't raised well and just can't seem to cope civilly in life without help. If liberals had enough money available so we weren't forced to choose between these things, we would also support more money for the military to keep is safe from those who would want to hurt or destroy us. But as it is, we tug of war with the conservatives for how much money the gov't gets and where the money goes. Funny thing is, conservatives what to control the gov't by saying they want less of it, then it ends up expanding under them anyway.

Yes, conservatives want "less gov't control" over our lives. The Federal gov't should only maintain the cross-country highway system and the military ... oh, and control a woman's right to choose an abortion ... oh, and to spend Federal dollars prosecuting a man for having sex with an intern while members of their own party had to step down due to such affairs. I could go on.

Liberals see private industry as money-hungry entities with high-priced, high-powered lobbyists paying people off to get laws that only impact their profit margin positively. Conservatives see private industry as the place all our money and management should go, as if they do it any better than the gov't and as if those dollars will "trickle-down" to the working people at all. But what we see are industries that cut as many corners as possible to make a bigger profit, thus producing an inferior product (e.g., airline security companies) and that profit stays at the good-ole-boy CEO level, not converted into raises for effective workers.

Personally, I think anything our country can't do without should be centralized and Federalized, or at least have very clear and enforced gov't controls that benefit the PEOPLE, not the industries. If we the people, who the Fed gov't represents, are going to be asked to bail out the airlines anyway, because our country can't run without them, then I think we ought to either 1) take them over (like, make them another branch of the military) or 2) actually put enough into checking over their shoulders to make sure they are complying with federal guidelines. I see LESS federal control in general as a mistake ... then businesses do whatever they want (consumer be damned) and beg for handouts anyway, either formally, in time of crisis, or covertly, with payoffs buried in a bill the people will end up paying for anyway. I mean, why worry about serving the customer to stay profitable when you can lobby the gov't to have you pay less in taxes than your employees do? I think of all the money we could have in the gov't to do better things just by making everyone (esp. businesses) pay fairly, and by controlling wasted spending by lawmakers for political gain ... it's a shame.

I see liberals wanting fairness ... make business pay the same level of taxes and the same in property rights as an citizen would ... give the unfortunate the things that others have but that they are not able to get on their own. I see conservatives as wanting fairness when it benefits them ... make them people pay for this obscure condition in this spending bill and only benefits my state and my ability to get re-elected ... give this industry a huge tax break because their lobbyist just financed my re-election campaign ... then either the people will have to pay more (but a conversative supports LESS taxes ... hmmm) or that useless social program, yeah that one called the public school system, can be dropped.

Lastly, my political views were solidified at a critical point in our history. I had mostly been apolitical, not paying it much attention at all. So my views came only from what I heard ... that gov't was simply corrupt and no good ... Democrats tax & spend and waste our money ... Republicans want lower taxes and less gov't "intrusion". Then I observed what happened after a Congress that was controlled by Democrats almost all my life was suddenly controlled by the Republicans (1994?). I saw a good-ole-boys party ... high-fiving their new found control. I heard them speak so poorly and derisively about their fellow Congressmen (and women), like nothing I ever heard before. I heard them speak as if they were right about everything. I saw them deadlock the entire process and shut down the gov't more than once, hurting the people who spend their lives serving the gov't (i.e., the people), only to try and make a Democratic president look bad. I saw them searching for every fight and scandal they could until they came up with the motherlode: a president in an affair (like that's never happened before) ... and I saw them make the hugest deal about that and everything bad about our President that they could ... and ONLY for political gain.

Meanwhile, I observed a Democratic president, who was only human, and who managed to pulloff one of the most responsible and sensible things any person could be asked to do: balance the people's budget (which, unbelievably, is not required), after years of over-spending. After all this, my mind was made up about who was who in politics. And even since, I've lived through good economic times with the 1st surpluses in years, only to have a conservative take over, give a bunch of money back to the people, and now we're facing deficits and passing an unbalanced budget again.

My conclusion: Most conservative politicians only want political gain, and their leadership will attempt to hurt anyone to attain it. At least some liberal politicians actually want to make a difference in this world. Who do you think I tend to vote for?

OK, enough for one rant. That's just my view. Inside my opinion, I'm sure you can find plenty that distinguishes a conservative from a liberal ... at least in America.

Spiff :scan:
 
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