Okay, let's merge some ideas to make deserts more viable.
I'd like to see Malakim getting 1/1/1 working any desert tile. They are the nomad people of the desert and even though deserts in general are empty, humans are adaptive by nature. Given some time, different ways to find both material and food are almost always developed, that is, assuming the human does not die doing so. Anyways, some food can be found and as for material there are always areas with a few rock islands, just like there are oases every here and there.
In combination a Malakim city should gain one free food for every desert tile worked, limited to city population. How does that make sense then? Well, the commerce in the earlier suggestion is a result of our good nomadic people trading to be able to work out there in the first place.
The extra food however is precious, and as a people with knowledge of the desert, making everything count through various ways of cooking, treating and spicing is only possible in the city. Perhaps a road should be required for this food bonus.
Make road add one food in desert instead?
Anyways, Ozcor's idea of nomad camps is nice but should naturally be tweaked if used with, for example, my previous idea. A thing to add would be that you can NOT build 2 camps next to each other. Assuming a city is built with all tiles desert, this would provide a total of 6 nice improvements.
I also nod in favor for Malakim being more likely to discover new resources in any desert tile.
I must add feedback on Malakim combat now though. See they get +20% attack & defense....but plain desert is already -25%
. I think they should be good fighters in their homeland, and having a defense penalty of 5% is kind of silly even though there also is the double movement.
I think the defense bonus should be raised to 25% or 35% to at least compensate for this. Moreover, Malakim cities built in desert should not have the -25% penalty either because I can't simply comprehend how a wall can be any better in grassland than in desert, let alone a city wall.
Seems my brainstorm comes to a halt as my belly brawls with my head, good afternoon.