South Korean parliament votes to ask president to end martial law
Speaker says lawmakers 'will protect democracy with the people'
South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol declared martial law late Tuesday, vowing to eliminate "anti-state" forces as he struggles against an opposition that controls the country's parliament and that he accuses of sympathizing with communist North Korea.
Hours later, parliament voted to ask the president lift the declaration, with the National Assembly Speaker Woo Won-shik declaring that lawmakers "will protect democracy with the people."
Woo called for police and military personnel to withdraw from the Assembly's grounds.
The president's surprising move harkened back to an era of authoritarian leaders that the country has not seen since the 1980s, and it was immediately denounced by the opposition and the leader of Yoon's own conservative party.
"It's a shocking development. There's no other way to describe it. South Korea has experienced martial law in the past but not since it became a full-fledged liberal democracy in the '80s," Vina Nadjibulla of the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada told CBC News Network on Tuesday.
Nadjibulla said it was "important to note" there is no immediate threat from North Korea that might have influenced the president's choice.
"At least, that's not the reason why this has happened," she said from Vancouver.
"This is very much about a domestic power struggle and a deeply unpopular president essentially bringing in this measure in the midst of a number of debates in its domestic parliament on the budget as well as scandals — including with his own wife — and other issues that have been plaguing democracy and the constitutional system in South Korea for the last few months."
Following Yoon's announcement, South Korea's military proclaimed that parliament and other political gatherings that could cause "social confusion" would be suspended, according to South Korea's Yonhap news agency.
The military also said that the country's striking doctors should return to work within 48 hours, Yonhap said. Thousands of doctors have been striking for months over government plans to expand the number of students at medical schools. The military said anyone who violates the decree could be arrested without a warrant.
Vote was unanimous
Based on South Korea's constitution, the president has authority to declare martial law but parliament can vote to ask him to end it.
Soon after the declaration, the National Assembly speaker called on his YouTube channel for all lawmakers to gather at the Assembly building. He urged military and law enforcement personnel to "remain calm and hold their positions.
All 190 lawmakers who participated in the vote supported the lifting of martial law. The nation is now waiting to see whether the president will do so.
"Now, we're in a constitutional crisis. We don't know what the president will do next.... this is a chaotic situation with things developing as we speak," said Nadjibulla.
Television footage showed soldiers who had been stationed at parliament leaving the site after the vote.
Earlier, TV showed police officers blocking the entrance of the Assembly and helmeted soldiers carrying rifles in front of the building.
An Associated Press photographer saw at least three helicopters, likely from the military, that landed inside the Assembly grounds, while two or three helicopters circled above the site.
The leader of Yoon's conservative People Power Party, Han Dong-hoon, called the decision to impose martial law "wrong" and vowed to "stop it with the people." Opposition leader Lee Jae-myung, who narrowly lost to Yoon in the 2022 presidential election, called Yoon's announcement "illegal and unconstitutional."
Yoon said during a televised speech that martial law would help "rebuild and protect" the country from "falling into the depths of national ruin." He said he would "eradicate pro-North Korean forces and protect the constitutional democratic order."
"I will eliminate anti-state forces as quickly as possible and normalize the country," he said, while asking the people to believe in him and tolerate "some inconveniences."
Yoon's party has been locked in an impasse with the liberal opposition over next year's budget bill. The opposition has also attempted to pass motions to impeach three top prosecutors, including the chief of the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office.
Conservatives have called it a vendetta against their criminal investigations of Lee, who has been seen as the favourite for the next presidential election in 2027 in opinion polls.
Yoon has also dismissed calls for independent investigations into scandals involving his wife and top officials, drawing quick, strong rebukes from his political rivals.
Yoon's move was the first declaration of martial law since the country's democratization in 1987. The country's last previous martial law was in October 1979.
https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/south-korea-martial-law-1.7399501
