Obviously this question is quite broad, but here's my usual monarch situation:
First off, I play to win by space race. Not cause I really love the space race, but just cause I figure it keeps the wins a bit more comperable and not quite as dependent on AIs or map layout as say domination.
By around 1000bc-0ad I reach tech parity with the AI and have nothing I care about left to backfill. By 500ad I'm far enough ahead that I can't even really beeline for trades because it'd slow me down to wait fo the AI to finish prerequisites to trade for. This last game I had liberalism unlocked at 800ad, but waited until 1350ad to finally get it as the ai was so far back. And by the time the game is over I've won the space race and they're back around Fission/Plastic.
But despite my best efforts, I keep finishing the space race around 1900 give or take 20 years. Not particularly fast. I seem to recall DaveMcW posting a 1650 space win on monarch a while back. I'd settle for 1800
I'd say I average 5-7 turns/tech in early-middle ages (3-5 to research, 2 to get gold) and 3 turns/tech from the renaissance and on.
So, just how fast can one tech without relying on trades with the AI? What can I do to go faster?
First off, I play to win by space race. Not cause I really love the space race, but just cause I figure it keeps the wins a bit more comperable and not quite as dependent on AIs or map layout as say domination.
By around 1000bc-0ad I reach tech parity with the AI and have nothing I care about left to backfill. By 500ad I'm far enough ahead that I can't even really beeline for trades because it'd slow me down to wait fo the AI to finish prerequisites to trade for. This last game I had liberalism unlocked at 800ad, but waited until 1350ad to finally get it as the ai was so far back. And by the time the game is over I've won the space race and they're back around Fission/Plastic.
But despite my best efforts, I keep finishing the space race around 1900 give or take 20 years. Not particularly fast. I seem to recall DaveMcW posting a 1650 space win on monarch a while back. I'd settle for 1800

I'd say I average 5-7 turns/tech in early-middle ages (3-5 to research, 2 to get gold) and 3 turns/tech from the renaissance and on.
So, just how fast can one tech without relying on trades with the AI? What can I do to go faster?
Here's a post from an expert that I believe you'll benefit from: