Rebellions, revolutions, and civil wars

[DukeSkibbi]

I think there is a lot of potential for new civs to arise throughout the course of a game. This could play out differently throughout the different eras of the game.

• Antiquity: when settlements are too discontented, they break away (like free cities in Civ VI) and at the end of the era, emerge as new civs with new leaders if there are groups of them or independent powers if they are only single cities. They would inherit traditions from the civs they break away from. Potentially if neighbouring civs lose cities due to rebellion, those rebel cities can join together in one civ.
• Exploration: distant land settlements need to be managed carefully because if they are too discontented, they will declare independence. Players can either try to prevent this outright or grant them dominion status (needs a vassal system to go ahead, though) like in Civ IV.
• Modern: once ideology comes into the picture, a civ can split and start a civil war. There will be two instances of the same civ but a new leader will arise. No war monger penalties will be incurred during a civil war but razing will not be possible. No penalties for re-annexing.
• At any time, occupied cities can rise up if there is low enough happiness.

I feel a system like this would keep the game very dynamic and shake things up a lot as the game progresses.