Constitutional ideas and talk about liberty swept the Italian cities. But at the same time, European monarchies modernized their militaries with new rifles. The League thought that an alliance with the kingdom of France could make other European powers vary of attacking Italy.
I've actually been researching Constitution for Jails to help my stability... ah, the irony.
These hopes proved to be futile. Spanish nobles, seeing how the new model rifles and cannons stopped the Italian offensive into Catalonia, declared war again, with the intention to annex Provence for good.
The French king proclaimed himself loyal to the defensive pact and engaged the Spanish troops in Provence, recapturing the city of Marseilles. However, despite prompting by the Italian Council, France refused to cede Provence back to Italy, citing France' old right to the area and the "unlawful seizure" of Marseilles by Italy back in the Middle Ages.
When the Italians repeated their demands, France decided to tear the Pact and join its fellow monarchy in the war against the Free Cities. Since then, the phrase "never trust a Monarch" became common on the Italian streets.
The French, after seizing Marseilles, entered Liguria.
Italy had to pay a large sum to the French treasury in order to get the French of her back. Marseilles remained French.
In the version of RFC-DoC I am using, France' UP of its enemies never refusing to talk with it also results in French AI always being willing to talk to the player, even right after it declares war. Can be exploitable, though if the player is particularly weak, France may agree to talk, but still insist that nothing the player can give to it is enough for peace
But the monarchies of Europe were not done with their revenge yet. In the Congress of Luxor (why would anyone hold a Congress in Sudan, the Italian counsellors didn't know, although they were never invited, anyway) the European monarchies demanded that Italy cede Serbia to the Polish king, who proclaimed himself to be the defender of all Slavic peoples. When Italy refused, Poland declared war on it.
Britain was the only European monarchy friendly towards Italy. Its colonial posessions traded with the League to the benefit of all.
Free trade with Britain and her colonies caused the collapse of old medieval guild system in Italian cities. A new, capitalistic, system of commercial relations was growing in Italy - more free, but also more ruthless. There was significant social unrest in Italy due to this, as gangs of disaffected workers burned and destroyed their machines.
However, more threatening than the internal unrest were the armies of Poland.Vienna, a once-Austrian city whose inhabitants overthrew the Austrians and joined Italy, was now under assault by well-equipped Polish armies.
The Italians concentrated their troops in Venice, determined not to let the Polish enter the peninsula. But a Polish triumph on the streets of Vienna was unavoidable.
After capturing Italian Austria, Polish troops turned around and entered the Balkans, capturing the city of Belgrade, which was the
casus belli for this war.
However, going so deep into foreign territory didn't play out well for the Polish. Italian troops surrounded them in Serbia, picking the Polish detachments one by one.
The World in 1759
The Russian Empire was a long enemy of Poland and its claims to represent all of Slavdom. It gladly provided funding to Italy in order for it to sooner introduce the new rifling techniques in its weapon manufactories. In return for this, many Italian scientists were welcomed to the new Russian Academy of Sciences.
Polish troops in Belgrade, even with their superior equipment, were dealt severe damage by consequent Italian artillery attacks.
Finally, Italy was able to reconquer Serbia from Poland. Note, however, the red text - specifically, the bit that says that Moskva was captured by the Ottomans. The Turks were becoming more and more dangerous day by day.
The defeat of Poland in Serbia and the growing Turkish menace led to Italy and Poland signing a peace treaty, with Vienna remaining in Polish hands.