Well this is a pretty simplistic view on Russian history, but typical for the current teachings in Russia.
Russian teachers like to explain all lets say unfortunate events in Russian history with either the Tartar/Mongol Occupation, the Polish Occupation or the Jewish/German ownership of most Industry in the 19th century (who were the founders anyway, but who cares).
The fact is that Germany had undergone a bloody civil war in the 17th century (1618 - 1648) and was recovering from this blow into becoming the industrial powerhouse of the earliest 20th century. The fact is that Netherland was occupied by Spain until the 17th century as well and turned into a Trading Empire. The fact is that Japan was in deep Medieval Age still in the 19th century and became a High Tech Nation in less than hundreds years.
So, sorry, but Mongol rule from 550 years back doesnt qualify as an excuse anymore,
So, sorry, but Russia's backwardness was never caused by outside powers, but by inside powers ...
Russian leaders were simply overstretching the empire and were using to many resources to maintain vast areas of inhospitable lands. Naturally the Tzar never sent direct money to Jakutz, Samarkant, Baku or Kazan (as examples for the diversity of Russian occupied territory) but of course he had to send troops , he had to maintain roads, he was engaging the land in countless small wars with Tribal peoples who were somewhat desperate to fight for rocky, icy, desert wastelands. So in the same time when the European powers invested huge sums into universities, banks and railroads Russia was investing huge sums to quell rebellions in Kavkas, Krim and the regions ... any more questions ??