So I was sitting around
thinking of war and peace and such. So I lightheartedly ran the test game forward a few times to see what the AI would do.
AI archer spam: In looking at a test game, I noticed that the AI packed its cities with many archers, like 4-6 archers in the capital; similar numbers in the second-founded city. Not so good for a "rush" from us.
Later, the AI cities have fewer archers, but a good mixture of troops. No pushovers, these emperor AIs.
Units for peace: I gave myself 6 axes and the AIs were willing to make a no-exchange peace treaty. I'm sure this number rises as the AI's power rises.
Cities for peace: Seeing that the AIs want Novgorod for peace, I decided to try something: I made an icefield far from the AI and plopped some settlers on it. Every single AI is willing to make peace for a complete icewaste city far from their capital.
Gandhi was even willing to accept a second one (but not a third).
I even gave the AI 10 Maces, let them walk into our undefended capital. The ice city was still super-appealing and got me peace.
Culturally trapped cities: I even tried founding a city inside a ring of my cities, then gifting away the city inside the ring. "No cultural flipping" is on for this game, so we could never get the city back by flip, but I thought it would be funny to give the AI a city which would be surrounded forever by tiles with our culture.
Alas, it was not to be. Even being Creative, with Libraries built, all the AI had to do was build an Obelisk and it grabbed the first ring of culture from me. At least on the "new city" side. Crazy.
Bottom Line: If we want early war, we'll have to prepare for it. If we want peace, we can found a junk city and gift it to the AI for peace.
Another possible early research path is towards Construction for Elephants and Catapults.