Continental identities are comparatively more artificial than national ones.
As much as I like things that happen to have something to do German history and German culture
Well, you see, and I simply like things that have something to do with Polish history.
Like you, I prefer regional identities over national, but the region I live in is the cradle of Poland as a nation.
The Netherlands was part of the HRE, so we can say it has something to do with "German" history. But as you noticed, German national identity is an artificial result of all-out teleological and political efforts. Dutch identity emerged spontaneously as a separate identity
in opposition to that forged "Pan-German" identity.
Most of national identities exist "in opposition" to others and thus are based on perceived - both stereotypical and real - differences from surrounding nations, rather than on similarities within a given nation.
Also concepts like "civilization" are based on perceived differences from others rather than similarities within. "Western Europe" wants to be called "Western" because they would like to be seen as different than (and existing in opposition to) "Eastern Europe"; not because there are any strong similarities between countries which claim to be within "WE". The concept is artificial, more artificial than Central Europe.
Central Europe is to some extent also an attempt of former Russian / Soviet satelite states to avoid being labelled as "Russia". So it also exists "in opposition" to something. But IMO this CE thing is less artificial than WE thing.
The concept of CE is older than Communism and perhaps also older than the concepts of WE and EE.
national identities, which I find largely an outgrowth of modernist thought and comparatively artificial
Some of them are more artificial (like German) than some others (like Dutch), though.
National identities are fluent and weaker than regional ones in "transition regions" located in borderlands between nations. On the other hand, they are stronger in more centrally located regions.