Here's what I think of your list.
#10: Martin Luther
He was a great public speaker, fought for equality and all, but I believe the level of equality we have today would only be delayed by a few decades without him.
#9: Mao Tse-tung
Maybe, simmply because of china's large population. Not sure about it because I never really studied him.
#8: Confucius
He put a nation's collective beliefs on paper. He didn't found counfuisionism like buddha founded Buddhism. I don't think china and the east would be very different without him. The again, I may be misinformed.
#7: Louis Pasteur
I think Alexander Fleming was more influencial in this feild than Louis Pasteur. Antibiotics have a very strong and direct impact on the world today. I'm curious why you picked Pasteur though.
#6: Buddha
I agree here. 6th is about right.
#5: St. Paul (Saul)
I agree here. Above Buddha, but bellow Muhammad.
#4: Muhammad
About right as well.
#3: Issac Newton
He is certaintly the number 1 physisist I would name. I would put him lower in the list though. It is my impression that his theories were not imediatly made opplicable, and it is machanics, not physics that revolutionized the world.
#2: Aristotle
I would not put him so high up.
#1: Jesus Christ
I agree here.
Other Candidates:
Moses
I would not put him on the list. Although you could argue if it weren't for Moses there would be no Jewdaism or christianity, he did not found either of them.
Johann Gutenberg
He is a great candidate for the list.
Albert Einstein
Disagree. His contributions have yet to yeald great practical application. His contributions to physics were great, but his popular legasy is being a genius, which is not an influentcial trait.
Karl Marx
I would put him in the list. I would certaintly put him higher than Mao.
Shih Huang Ti (uniter of China and builder of Great Wall)
The great wall is not an influential feat, but the unification of china is. A unified china is in some ways a natural occurance (it would have happened anyway), but it is significant that it was united under him. If it were united under someone else china could have been very different. I'm not sure about him.
Augustus Caesar
Augustus is credited with astablishing the Pax Romana, which was great in it's turn. However his influence is hampered by the fact that the so much was lost when roman fell. The influence of rome did not survive. I would keep him off the list.
Christopher Columbus
Disagree. I think Henry the Navigator is responsible for the bignning of colinisation, and Columbus's trip was the result of other nations compeating for what Henry started.
Constantine the Great
I think I agree that he should be left out dispite his contributions to christianity. His Influence was not as great as St. Paul's
Alexander the Great
I agree he should be left out. His empire did not last long enough to have too great an impact on conquered lands.
Charles Darwin
This is a person that struck me as belonging on your list above Louis Pasteur or Alexander Fleming. His contributions were not only to science, but to part of a new world view that was developing, that essencially though theology out the window. Why copernicus was first (relitively) to stand up to the church, Darwin helped pave a much clearer way forward in that direction.
Summary list:
#12: Alexander Fleming
#11: Mao Tse-tung
#10: Charles Darwin
#9: Issac Newton
#8: Karl Marx
#7: Aristotle
#6: Henry the Navigator
#5: Johann Gutenberg
#4: Buddha
#3: St. Paul (Saul)
#2: Muhammad
#1: Jesus Christ
Out of list:
- Moses
- Albert Einstein
- Christopher Columbus
- Constantine the Great
- Alexander the Great
- Shih Huang Ti (uniter of China and builder of Great Wall)
- Augustus Caesar
- Louis Pasteur
- Confucius
- Martin Luther