Zkribbler
Deity
You never ever look at the fourth wall, ever.
Remember when Laverne was complaining to the manager of a third-world hotel she and Shirley were staying in? Laverne: "Let me explain something to you: wall, wall, wall, bush!"
TIL: Today I Learned
- Thread starter Cutlass
- Start date
- Status
You never ever look at the fourth wall, ever.
Remember when Laverne was complaining to the manager of a third-world hotel she and Shirley were staying in? Laverne: "Let me explain something to you: wall, wall, wall, bush!"
sophie
Break My Heart
Anyway, to answer my own suggestion now that I'm back home, here's how dieu+pater goes to Iuppiter:
So you start with two PIE words: diēu- and pater. Both are athematic. An ablauting form of diēu-, dieu forms the antecedent of what would come to be "Jupiter" namely: dieupater. One phonological change visible in all PIE languages is the "alternation of /i - j/ and /u - w/". Which is to say that, in the context of this word, an unstressed /i/ becomes a /j/ (English y like in youth) and a /u/ becomes the approximate /w/ when preceding a vowel. *dieu+pater was one such recipient of this change, and consequently became *djeupater. The next change, occurring perhaps some time around 500 BC was part of the "Changes in certain consonants followed by /j/ (C+j changes). The one relevant to this example being that in /dj, gj, sj/ , the initial consonant dropped out resulting in simply /j/, so thereby *djeupater -> jeupater; Italic stress occurring around the same time moved the variable stressing of PIE to stress always occurring on the vowel in the initial syllable, so jeupater -> jéupater. Around 300 BC Latin underwent changes to short vowels in unstressed syllables. This change is reflected, for example, in a number of compound verbs, e.g. facio raising to ficio when a prefix is added (i.e. the ordinarily stressed a becoming unstressed due to the presence of a prefix like prae or inter). In terms of relevance to Juppiter these are:
1) a -> e when /a/ is unstressed and followed by at least one syllable
2) e -> i when followed by one consonant and one vowel when the consonant is not /r/ AND when the preceding sound is not /i/ or /j/.
So in the case of *jéupater, the unstressed a, followed by the syllable "-ter" became *jéupeter, and thence, the unstressed e, followed by non-r becomes *jéupiter
So *jéupater -> *jéupiter. From there at around 250 BC Latin underwent another change in which /e/ -> /o/ when followed by a w or u, so *jéupiter -> *jóupiter. Around 200 BC the diphthongs /ei/ and /ou/ underwent changes. In this example: /ou/ became /ō/ if it preceded an /n/ or a /t/, else it became a /ū/. You can also see this, for example prówtens -> próudens -> prūdēns. So following these changes:
*jóupiter -> Jūpiter which is our first form that is actually attested in Latin. From there in some cases, a stressed long vowel followed by a consonant sporadically would unlengthen the vowel and make the consonant geminate. This was not uniform and occurred between 100 BC and 1 BC (i.e. during the "Classical Latin" period). So Jūpiter -> Juppiter.
The vast majority of this is taken from Joseph Voyles and Charles Barrack, An Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Early Indo-European Languages (Slavica, 2009), specifically page 163 for the theoretic iterations of Juppiter, with other assorted pages for specific explanations of the phonological rules.
So you start with two PIE words: diēu- and pater. Both are athematic. An ablauting form of diēu-, dieu forms the antecedent of what would come to be "Jupiter" namely: dieupater. One phonological change visible in all PIE languages is the "alternation of /i - j/ and /u - w/". Which is to say that, in the context of this word, an unstressed /i/ becomes a /j/ (English y like in youth) and a /u/ becomes the approximate /w/ when preceding a vowel. *dieu+pater was one such recipient of this change, and consequently became *djeupater. The next change, occurring perhaps some time around 500 BC was part of the "Changes in certain consonants followed by /j/ (C+j changes). The one relevant to this example being that in /dj, gj, sj/ , the initial consonant dropped out resulting in simply /j/, so thereby *djeupater -> jeupater; Italic stress occurring around the same time moved the variable stressing of PIE to stress always occurring on the vowel in the initial syllable, so jeupater -> jéupater. Around 300 BC Latin underwent changes to short vowels in unstressed syllables. This change is reflected, for example, in a number of compound verbs, e.g. facio raising to ficio when a prefix is added (i.e. the ordinarily stressed a becoming unstressed due to the presence of a prefix like prae or inter). In terms of relevance to Juppiter these are:
1) a -> e when /a/ is unstressed and followed by at least one syllable
2) e -> i when followed by one consonant and one vowel when the consonant is not /r/ AND when the preceding sound is not /i/ or /j/.
So in the case of *jéupater, the unstressed a, followed by the syllable "-ter" became *jéupeter, and thence, the unstressed e, followed by non-r becomes *jéupiter
So *jéupater -> *jéupiter. From there at around 250 BC Latin underwent another change in which /e/ -> /o/ when followed by a w or u, so *jéupiter -> *jóupiter. Around 200 BC the diphthongs /ei/ and /ou/ underwent changes. In this example: /ou/ became /ō/ if it preceded an /n/ or a /t/, else it became a /ū/. You can also see this, for example prówtens -> próudens -> prūdēns. So following these changes:
*jóupiter -> Jūpiter which is our first form that is actually attested in Latin. From there in some cases, a stressed long vowel followed by a consonant sporadically would unlengthen the vowel and make the consonant geminate. This was not uniform and occurred between 100 BC and 1 BC (i.e. during the "Classical Latin" period). So Jūpiter -> Juppiter.
The vast majority of this is taken from Joseph Voyles and Charles Barrack, An Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Early Indo-European Languages (Slavica, 2009), specifically page 163 for the theoretic iterations of Juppiter, with other assorted pages for specific explanations of the phonological rules.
Phrossack
Armored Fish and Armored Men
- Joined
- Oct 26, 2008
- Messages
- 6,045
TIL about the Coal Wars and the Battle of Blair Mountain. By the gods, to be a worker then...Why hasn't a movie been made of this? Why is it not even mentioned in schools? Probably because of the "patriots" in charge of so much of the education system...
Lohrenswald
世界的 bottom ranked physicist
Phrossack
Armored Fish and Armored Men
- Joined
- Oct 26, 2008
- Messages
- 6,045
Funny thing is, communists often hate unionists for wanting to fix the system rather than destroy and replace it.
Lohrenswald
世界的 bottom ranked physicist
various socialist groups often seem to criticize eachother more than the right
Phrossack
Armored Fish and Armored Men
- Joined
- Oct 26, 2008
- Messages
- 6,045
We both know what will happen. I for one, welcome our new Lutheran overlord.
There's ton of divisiveness on the right too, just look at Sir Trumpam Hat.
Politics is cray cray
Lohrenswald
世界的 bottom ranked physicist
jackelgull
An aberration of nature
Today I learned that Trump used to own a copy of the sequel to Mein Kampf near his bed.
MEJOR ROJA QUE ROTA
Hey, I haven't converted to Lutheranism yet.
Nope.Is it me
cue JoanK stabbing me in the night
Civ'ed
I ain't gotta explain a thing
"John Sayles dramatized these events in his 1987 film Matewan.[2]"
GoodEnoughForMe
n.m.s.s.
TIL that humans are the only animals on earth with chins, and we don't really know why we have them.
jackelgull
An aberration of nature
TIL that no player from the US has ever won the Yugioh World Championship. Someone needs to fix this. USA #1 you know.
GoodEnoughForMe
n.m.s.s.
http://www.theatlantic.com/science/...imals-with-chins-and-no-one-knows-why/431625/
Basically, we're the only creature that has an outward protrusion of bone, every other animal has at most an inward slope from their upper teeth, or nothing at all.
Zkribbler
Deity
I was taught that chins developed because we use the muscles which attach there for talking. Also, so that Kirk Douglas could find work as an actor.
And so Jay Leno could get a job on late night TV.
- Status
