What happens if Trump puts a 45% tariff on imports from China?
In my opinion, China would likely:
(a) put a similar tariff on its imports from the USA.
(b) try to redirect its exports to Europe and to the UK who would likely respond by imposing more modest quotas and tariffs
(c) redirect Chinese foreign investment from US securities to perhaps South and Central America and Africa
(d) divert production capability to the military
(e) put part of its work force on shorter hours (this would actually be a good thing; a more equal sharing of leisure time); and
(f) stop buying US treasury debt
If the USA limits its tariffs to reducing its deficits, this will most likely not result in a trade war. But there is a risk of uncontrolled escalation.
Currency manipulation is apparently ended some time back?...
Some people dispute that.
Is there any recourse to get back what we lost when they were manipulating their currency for decades?
For a state to try to manipulate its own currency is not a crime. Lots of states have tried it with varyng success and impact.
I very much doubt that past indirect consequential losses can in reality be recovered. I note that the USA federal state has got into the very bad
habit of financing itself by suing or threatening to sue disproportionately foreign companies e.g. Barclays, BP and Deutsche Bank etc for billions.
They will no doubt try that with China. That would be most unwise. China will simply not pay much and a trade war will be inevitable.
I'd guess that with an addition 45% on Chinese stuff it will become more economical to manufacture in the US. Could this be the plan to bring jobs to the rust belt?
Yes, but not that much and not that many jobs. It may slow down further job losses, but robotics will also have an impact.
Once an industry and its supply chain has closed down (e.g. textiles in the UK), it can take a long time to rebuild.
Let me explain. If a factory is operating but only breaking even, then a rise in the cost of imports from competitors may
be of immediate benefit to its owners and employees. But once that factory is closed and dismantled and its skilled
workforce disperses, then there are the additional costs of inestment in a new factory, training up workers and profit
margin that investors would expect to respectively recover and make before, they'd invest in re-opening a new factory.
The US may reopen a number of mines for rare earths that were closed down because the Chinese
could produce them cheaper due to both lower labour costs and less strict environmental laws.
So what do you see happening if Trump does the 45%?
I doubt that the 45% will be limited to China. This could be bad news for the UK, Europe and much of SE Asia.