25kg bags of rice would be moved on a pallet by forklift or pallet truck.
If they were moved individually in a shop they would be moved by sack barrow.
Only Purple wombats would be expected to lift them to their forehead.
Individually, yes when moving it a great distance a sack barrow makes sense, and expecting anyone to carry the rice any more than a few feet is asking for an injury. The most often scenario in any workplace is moving a case from point A to point B ideally, very close by, whether it's moving a case off an assembly line onto a pallet, or removing a case from a pallet onto a pallet that goes with other items the customer (or store) has ordered. Removing or adding a single case would not require a TEAM lift or a forklift was my point.
When rice is the only thing on the pallet, no, rice is not stacked up to your forehead. It's when a store has ordered multiple different things, you can't just stack two pallets each of them up to your waist and then use a forklift to double-stack them, because since they have so many different sized items you won't get pallets that are nice and flat that allows you to double-stack them. So you either manually stack the cases on the pallets up to your forehead (or higher) or you ship pallets out that are only waist high. From a cost perspective, as well as an impact on the environment perspective, the more freight you can ship out on a single truck, the better.
Tesco will have to show that the jobs are not of equal VALUE.
Very few jobs are exactly the same even in the same place of work.
Arguments about the ability to lift heavy weights for extended periods of time will not help Tesco or other employers case here in the UK.
It may actually be used as evidence against the employer for designing the job that way.
Also as I stated before if an employer gave a court or tribunal evidence that it expected its employees to lift loads other than in the wimpy way then it would be unable to defend itself against claims for back injuries etc.
There are many different ways jobs are different, many different ways to say the jobs are of different VALUE.
It's a wonder how people did anything before mechanized warehouses. It's a wonder how so many companies survive today that aren't mechanized. I doubt Tesco is the only warehouse in the UK.
Perhaps we are having an over-reaction here, but I feel you are putting too much faith in the 'ergonomic guidelines'. The fact someone can sue their employer for a back injury and use those guidelines in their argument against the company in court is a given. I originally read your argument as if the UK has banned heavy lifting, or any company that requires it will be sued for millions of dollars/pounds. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I don't believe that to be true. Sure, there will be some back injuries and some companies will have to pay some medical expenses, but these injuries will be only a small percentage of the workers to the point of not being much of a factor compared to what it would take to eliminate them.
The guidelines look to me to be "If this is the hardest someone has to work, then if they claim a back injury, as an ergonomics experts we will back up the employer and say this is all but impossible to have happened". Otherwise, when just seeking reimbursement for medical expenses and lost work time the system heavily favors the worker, with the burden of proof on the employer to prove the injury could not have happened, or in fact did not happen on the job.
Zardnaar's posts makes me think there are some international standards in shipping. Even if it's not officially written down somewhere, there are more similarities than differences when comparing shipping products in the US, New Zealand and I'm sure the UK. 22 kg being the limit for most products that are not expected to be TEAM lifted being one of those similarities. I sincerely doubt the UK requires all producers, domestically and those shipping internationally (to or from the UK) to ship items in boxes half the size as everyone else on the planet does. Which doubles the packaging cost, btw. Unless proven otherwise, I don't think the UK is that against 'heavy lifting' as you think it is.
Edit:
It would be surprise to me if an employer is not allowed to vary pay based on facility. Not all Walmart warehouses pay the same, nor do all the stores pay the same. State minimum wage laws and cost of living in a particular area are obvious things that affect the wages. I found out the warehouses that paid more than my 'rural' one were warehouses in major metropolitan areas (cost of living obviously) and one in Nebraska. Why Nebraska? That one has railroads to compete with in attracting workers.
When my employer does a wage comparison with other employers I'm just told they compare 'similar employers in the area'. What is 'similar'? Just food distributers? All warehouses? All major employers? Which employers they use is unknown, but it makes more sense to compare a food distributing warehouse to warehouse across the street (even if that warehouse is a snow blower warehouse instead of a food warehouse), than it is to compare a warehouse to a retail store. The retail store should be compared to other retail stores, even if a few positions in that retail store is similar to warehouse work.