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Well, the Varagians did not came on one day, it was a long process over nearly 300 years and there were hundreds of thousands of settlers, merchants, mercenaries, and warlords. And obviously not all of them made up the nobility. So wether you accept it or not, it's a fact. Ok, the whole thing...

have a look at reality: Cruise missile can 1) be transported by land, air, sea and 2) be shot from land, air, sea vessels Adding range would be simple but one cannot transport them over sea that way. Say we don't need to simulate cruise missiles shot by airplanes cause this is...

Not at all. Swedish vikings, the so called Varangians, were called to bring order to what we know today as Russia. They came, brought order, colonized, ruled, and eventually formed (together with Slavs) the Russians. Varangians descendants ruled the country for nearly 700 years. The one you...

Ehhhmm, isn't it almost 1 week too late for such an announcement? Or are you located somewhere 6 days behind int'l date line? ;)

It was not VERY different from a monarchy (with a king). Beside the fact that the duke had a boss: the emperor. By definition the emperor could depose his vasalls for disobedience. Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa deposed Henry the Lion, the duke of Saxony and Bavaria - then the mightiest prince...

Sure, during the first centuries of the empire the duchy of Swabia comprised of Wuerttemberg, Baden, and today's Alsace. So we could create a civ according to these guidelines. More on that: Thuringia and Saxony can form the Duchies of Saxony since Thuringia never existed as a whole. It's...

It is valid for both empires, the Habsburg as well as the British. But the saying was "created" in times of the Austro-Spanish hegemony over Europe (Germany, Lowlands, northern Italy, Iberian peninsula, south-east Europe) and America (beside some English and French settlements and Portuguese...

Not to make you angry, but the remains of Babylon are quite far away from Baghdad, approx. 1 hour by car to the south. Honestly.

The leader of bavaria could be Ludwig IV (1282-1347) of the house of "Wittelsbach" who was elected German King and thus became Roman Emperor. He is also called "Ludwig der Bayer" (Ludwig the Bavarian). The house of Wittelsbach remained in power until 1918 btw. The rank/title should be "duke"...

Bagdhad was not built by Babylonians. This is just wrong. It was founded by Arabs in 762 AD. Alexandria was built by Greeks. Period. What you refer as "Al-Qahira" (The Undefeated) has a long history with changing rulers: 1st an Egyptian village called "Cheri-aha", then came the Greeks and...

Babs got nothing to do with Arabs, as well as the Egyptians were no Arabs at all! As the name indicates, Arabs came from the Arabian peninsula. So please don't mix up ancient Egypt or Babylon (Sumer, Assyrians...) with Arabs. Btw, Cleopatra was not Egyptian but Greek so I really wonder why...

@Hitro Sure: Luebeck, Hamburg and Bremen were among the strongest Hanse cities, but Blackadder (btw, I love this Rowan Atkinson series) already mentioned those. Ok, Brandenburg, or then Prussia, got strong with Frederick II the Great (or like we'd call him: "der alte Fritz" - the old Fritz)...

Some thoughts: I wonder what role (if any) the Emperor will play? Remind that only some of them were "toothless tigers", most of them were fierce rulers (Otto I, Friedrich I Barbarossa, Friedrich II, Heinrich IV, Karl V) who crushed their vasalls when they tried to kick against the Reich. But...

Well, not to play schoolmaster here, but wasn't it (also) Karl IV who pillaged Rome because the pope got fresh? No no no, wait that was Karl V... Luxemburg is an excellent example of how rather small countries can influence the fate of its surrounding greater neighbors.

Julien, maybe this is a good 10th question: 10) When did Luxemburg become independent and what was the deal about it?

The European Court (official term "The Court of Justice of the European Communities") has its seat in Luxemburg.

Of course HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE! Think of Karl IV. 1346-1378. I thought you're Luxemburgian, so you should know better! And btw (to all Americans), it's HABSBURG, not Hapsburg! Someone must have taught you wrong.

1) How many "free states" are among the German Länder? (name them) 2) Name the biggest German state (land area) and the state with the largest population. 3) When was the Deutsche Mark introduced in Eastern Germany (GDR aka DDR) as official currency? 4) What started the horrible...

1) What was Charlemagne's capital ? In which country is it now ? Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. 2)Which Holy Roman Emperor has been excommunicated in its rivalry with the Pope. Heinrich IV. (you'd call him Henry IV) of the Salian House (Saxons). 3) Who was Hitler's Foreign...

To make it clear for everyone: #1- Who is the Chancellor of Germany? Gerhard Schröder #2- What is the German Parliment called? Bundestag (lower house) Bundesrat (upper house, representatives of the 16 states) ["Bundes" means federal.] #3- How many members make up the German...