News from Europe
EARTHQUAKES IN SOUTHERN GERMANY. Vienna, Germany. A series of weak earthquakes were reported this year, measuring no more than 4.5 on the Clarke Scale, and have caused some light damage throughout Bavaria and Austria. The earthquakes did cause some resultant damage when disrupting various factory work, and causing several small house explosions from damaged gas lines. The earthquakes cost nearly three dozen lives, and hundreds more suffered varying degrees of injuries. Thankfully, property damages were fairly low, as the local fire brigades responded quickly, providing relief to any problems which emerged. Most of the damage had already disappeared by the end of the year, leaving only a few minor scars across the German towns and countryside.
DEATH OF THE KING OF BRITTANY. Nantes, Brittany. The Breton people mourned the death of the beloved King Claude IV, who has passed on to the heavenly realm. King Claude IV ruled Brittany since the death of his father in 1878, and has done so with great skill and honor, bringing pride to all the people of his nation. Under the King's enlightened rule, more reforms were passed, creating a stronger legislature and a more democratic and free society, gradually without much traditional disruption. Though his policies were not always loved, the king had gained the respect and admiration of virtually all of his people. Upon the king's death, his son has been proclaimed King Henry V, and the reigns of the nation have been passed on to him. The new king has been often stating to be the spitting image of his father, both in physical nature and his ideology. Though many miss the old king, few think that the new one will do much to dishonor his father's spirit.
ELECTIONS IN DENMARK. Copenhagen, Denmark. The nation of Denmark held its constitutionally regular elections this year, as the Danish people turned out to vote for their political parties of choice. As presented over the past two years, the conservative Free People's Party has come under significant attack for their denial of Russian atrocities in Prussia. They have continued to maintain that no systematic elimination of the German population took place, but rather a response against an organized military uprising by the German Brotherhood. The liberal Social Democratic Party has done its best to challenge those assertions, presenting numerous testimony and evidence, and claiming the conservatives to be just as complicit. Furthermore, they have heartily criticized the economic and trade policies of the current government, pledging a new course, focused upon the people, rather than on military growth and foreign entanglements. These platforms quickly won over the Danish people, who have turned out in support for the Social Democratic Party, toppling the old pro-Russian regime. King Leopold II himself has come out and offered support for the new ministers of government, claiming that the elections are a progressive step forward for the Danish people.
FIRST UNIFIED DUTCH ELECTIONS. Antwerp, Netherlands. The government of the Netherlands has brought about the first elections to be held within the newly unified Dutch state, now also consisting of Flanders. The elections have proven to be a fairly awkward affair as both Dutch and Flemish political parties struggled to find their place in the new order. The key issue at hand arose to be the Rhine-Rhone Pact and the outbreak of the new war with Germany. Various liberal and conservative movements for their own ends have supported anti-war organizations, and have denounced the Center Party for remaining loyal to the Confederation and the war effort. They have been unable to create any sort of united front against the Center Party, unfortunately, who has pledged to honor the Netherlands' international commitments at any cost. This lack of organization has allowed the Center Party to once more triumph, winning behind it, the support of the Dutch people, at least for a brief moment. (+1 Stability)
ELECTIONS IN PORTUGAL. Lisbon, Portugal. Despite their overwhelming success in the 1915 elections, the Social Democratic Party in Portugal struggled this year to compete with the rising new King's Honor Party. This conservative movement has appealed to the Portuguese people amid the rising chaos throughout the rest of Iberia. They have suggested that with the impending fall of the Spanish kingdom and empire, that perhaps the time is ripe for the resurgence of the Portuguese over their neighbors. The loss of the Great War has been trumpeted as to blame upon the Spanish, and the Portuguese government has offered little solution to the current economic stagnation. The Social Democrats have done little, if anything, in their term of office, and it seems that the time is ripe for another political shift by the newly elected King's Honor Party. (+1 Stability)
ANTI-RUSSIAN SENTIMENT LEADS TO RIOTS IN ROMANIA. Bucharest, Romania. The continued economic and political dominance of Russia over Romania has not gone unnoticed by the average population of the Balkan state. Over the past few years, growing resentment has led to a number of fringe groups throughout the nation struggling against Russian domination and tyranny. The Russian intervention against republicanism in Serbia has demonstrated that they are willing to use military force to maintain the old order, providing both fear and greater determination against those who would see the bear brought low. This year, they organized several major protests in the hopes of enlightening King Nicholas to the plight of the people with the hope that he could curtail the rampant corruption among Russian business. The Romanian soldiers fired upon the protest, spurring rioting throughout Bucharest, while placing the king under heavy security. The resulting riots were severe, leading to thousands of deaths and even greater property damaged, but ultimately at least some order would be restored with the declaration of martial law and the deployment of reinforcements to the nation's capital.
EMPEROR PHILIP X OVERSEES NEW ELECTIONS. Madrid, Spain. After the republican government held their constitutionally mandated elections last year out of Valencia, the Emperor Philip X has responded in kind. He has declared the opening of new elections in the territories still held by his forces throughout western Spain. Unlike within the republican elections, which had even allowed limited participation by the remnants of the Phoenix Party, Emperor Philip placed limitations upon on the parties allowed to run for office. Only the Comunión Tradicional Española, Falange Española, and the Phoenix Party were allowed to participate in the elections creating a new legislature supportive of the monarch. This in turn has led to a surprisingly low turnout among the population, though many liberals and proletarists turned out to vote against the detested Phoenix Party. This has allowed the victory of the conservative Comunión Tradicional Española, who were the least objectionable, and at least provided a little bit of hope that they could preserve the old traditions. However, despite the election results, the power still rests with the monarchy and an appointed cabinet consisting of members from all three legal political parties. (+1 Stability)
SPANISH CIVIL WAR ESCALATES. Madrid, Spain. What began as a military coup has since escalated into a far larger European war as various foreign nations invest their militaries in fighting for one of the two sides. The Spanish legislature in Valencia has acquired the direct support of Occitania and the Franco-Burgundian Confederation while Germany has stood steadfast between their royal allies in Madrid. The Brazilians have also become involved, backing the Valencia regime, and deploying their own fleet. The war has since spiraled out of just Iberia, as the Germans and French clash along their own border, bringing a new major war to Western Europe. Anti-war activists have been horrified by these developments, and have been doing their best to build up support for political movements to bring the war to an end. In both the Franco-Burgundian Confederation and Germany, a large amount of people wonder why there is a war at all, and to what possible purpose it can serve. Unlike before the Great War, very few have turned out to support the war effort, and there seems to be an increasingly tense atmosphere at home for both of the key players as well as for the other states that have entered the war. As before with major events, a special section has been provided below to cover all elements of this conflict. (-1 Stability for Netherlands, Franco-Burgundian Confederation, Occitania, and Germany)
ROMANIA COMPLETES CAPITAL RENOVATION. Bucharest, Romania. Despite the unrest and extensive damage caused by the anti-Russian rioting in Romania this year, the government has continued to push forward on the urban renewal plan. They even were able to exploit the damages by being able to seize damaged buildings and revamping them to correspond with the new developments being worked on by the renovation project. The project was delayed by the rioting, however, and was pushed back from completion early in the year to instead, late in November. Amid the simmering resentment of the population, King Nicholas dared to go out in public, and officially opened the new buildings and structures established by the renovation. It is hoped that this new project will help improve the lives of the average citizen of Bucharest, bust the resentment quite definitely remains.
SPECIAL: Escalation of the Spanish Civil War
ITALY BLOCKADES MALTA AND EGYPT. Palermo, Italy. The Spanish Civil War has seen an increase in naval activity this year, as the Italian navy remains in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, blocking off access to Malta and Egypt by the Spanish in Valencia. The garrisons of both colonies remain fairly self-sufficient and the Italians have yet to be challenged by any of the opposing forces, keeping them mostly out of the conflict. The fleets' blockade also remains sparse at best, as the Italians lack the forces to keep up a regular force over Egypt, and have no ability at all to deny access to the Red Sea coastline. The Spanish therefore have maintained some few supply lines to the region, though it remains difficult with the Italians blocking the main overseas route. The Spanish forces on Malta continue to dig in, believing that this could be a precursor to an Italian invasion, and have begun establishing strong firing positions and entrenching their forces to devastate any seaborne attack.
THE NAVAL WAR. Gibraltar, Spain. The war at sea has clearly taken some lessons from the utter devastation caused by decisive combat engagements in the Great War. Instead, it seems that both sides have focused upon skirmishing, and neither have committed to a major fleet battle with capital ships. The Brazilians have sent a major fleet, and have experimented with used carrier-based ships to raid the Spanish coastline, strafing and attacking Spanish ships in the port of Seville. The attacks came as a surprise but did little actual damage, only scratching the paint of the Spanish warships and causing a few dozen deaths. The only real fighting at sea has been a few attacks by German submarines upon the Brazilian ships, both supply and warships. The attacks upon the supply ships have been fairly successful, straining the Brazilian capability of actually maintaining the line of supply to their expeditionary force. Several destroyers have been sunk, while the Brazilians have confirmed only four German submarines have been sent to the bottom of the Atlantic.
Casualty Lists
Brazil: 4 Trovao-class Destroyers (+1 Air Force Quality)
Germany: 4 Tridente-class Submarines
THE FIGHTING IN IBERIA. Valencia, Spain. The war began to escalate with the deployment of Confederate and Occitanian troops to the Iberian peninsula to fight the monarchists, in what has enlarged to a much bigger battle. Though the deployment of these forces led to the German declaration of war and the invasions further east, the involvement of these armies has proven decisive. Throughout the first part of the year, as more troops began being recruited and deployed by both sides, and foreign expeditionary forces moved to assist the republicans, the monarchists feverishly began building massive defenses around Madrid. New trenches, artillery positions, and fortifications were erected by the troops, hoping to stop any republican advance. Unfortunately for the monarchists, only the most minor skirmishing took place around Madrid, as Occitanians assumed Republican positions and otherwise maintained the standing borders. Instead, the first hammer blow came to the north, as the newly arrived French forces pushed into Galicia. The outnumbered Spanish did win some successes by easily smashing the Confederate tanks on the mountain roads, as their slow speeds allowed easy targeting by artillery. The rough terrain was also not ideal for these slow craft, and the Spanish made short work of them whenever and wherever they were used. The Confederates also deployed their new planes for the first time, as the tanks lured out the Spanish guns, allowing the new bombers to drop their ordnance upon the Spanish artillery. Despite the new equipment, the push was a slow slog through rough terrain, as the Spanish made the invaders bleed for every step of land. Unfortunately, it was not enough and the Confederates managed to liberate Galicia for the republican cause. The remaining Spanish forces pulled back towards the south, where yet another critical offensive placed the whole of the monarchist cause in jeopardy. The main republican army was thrown towards the Portuguese border, pushing towards Badajoz and Caceres, hoping to cut Madrid off entirely from the sea. This offensive was backed by numerous planes, which gained experience strafing Monarchist supply lines, and eventually captured Badajoz, splitting off Seville from the rest of the Monarchist territory. This also cut off the entire monarchist southern army, isolating it in Seville. The ensuing advance and a blockade by the republican and Brazilian fleets led to the capture of both Seville and the Monarchist fleet, as the army in Seville was forced to surrender. By the end of the year the Republicans and their allies began moving to totally surround Madrid and push in for the death blow against Emperor Philip X and his allies.
Casualty Lists
Franco-Burgundian Confederation: 33 Infantry Brigades, 3 Cavalry Brigades, 2 Tonneau Patriotique I Brigades, 2 Artillery Brigades, 1 Vizelle-type Bomber Squadron (+1 Army Quality, +1 Air Force Quality)
Occitania: 2 Infantry Brigades
Spain (Republican): 22 Conscript Brigades, 11 Infantry Brigade, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 1 M1916 VB Brigade, 4 Artillery Brigades, 1 P-16 Fighter Squadron (+1 Army Quality, +1 Air Force Quality)
Spain (Monarchist): 53 Conscript Brigades, 14 Infantry Brigades, 5 Cavalry Brigades, 17 Artillery Brigades, 1 C-1917 Fighter Squadron (+1 Army Quality, +1 Air Force Quality)
DISASTER IN THE BLACK FOREST. Freiburg, Franco-Burgundian Confederation. Launching the war further east, the Germans attacked towards the Confederate city of Freiburg, hoping to punch their way deep into the Confederation. The superior Confederate forces managed to anticipate this assault, and brought to bear a massive force to block the German army. The Germans were brought into a vicious battle of attrition, slowly pushing their way to Freiburg, before a series of brutal counter attacks led to the bloodying of the entire German army. They suffered immense casualties by the better trained Confederate forces, and their tanks were outnumbered by the Confederate tank corps, leading to an even more tremendous defeat. In the skies, the fight was more disputed, as for the first time, two air corps competed for control. The Germans ultimately won out with their new fighter plane, but once again their various bomber designs demonstrated their worthlessness, being swatted out of the sky. By the end of the year, the Germans had already been pushed all the way out of Confederate territory, and their offensive capabilities on the ground were utterly smashed to pieces.
Casualty Lists
Franco-Burgundian Confederation: 45 Conscript Brigades, 46 Infantry Brigades, 2 Cavalry Brigades, 1 Tonneau Patriotique I Brigade, 4 M1916 VB Brigades, 30 Artillery Brigades, 2 Voleur-type Fighter Squadrons, 2 Vizelle-type Bomber Squadrons
Germany: 71 Infantry Brigades, 2 M1916 VB Brigades, 28 Artillery Brigades, 1 Verband FTA1-2 Fighter Squadrons, 2 FrL1 Bomber Squadrons, 1 AdF100 Bomber Squadron (+1 Army Quality, +1 Air Force Quality)
THE RUHR OFFENSIVE. Hamburg, Germany. As the Germans engaged in theaters further south, a large Confederate and Dutch army launched an offensive of their own into the Ruhr Valley, seeking to disrupt the German industrial apparatus. With their armies fully in battle, the Germans were forced to commit their reserve army, which was outnumbered and without any tanks to counter Dutch armored forces. They did manage to inflict heavy casualties upon the Dutch tanks, devastating them with artillery fire, but the efforts were not enough to change the tide. The Confederate and Dutch advance successfully smashed into northwestern Germany, leaving the local industrial base under enemy occupation, and pushing apart the German lines. With the ending of the year, the German interior lays under risk of being totally overrun, as the German armies scramble to establish new defensive lines.
Casualty Lists
Franco-Burgundian Confederation: 30 Conscript Brigades, 2 Artillery Brigades
Netherlands: 20 Infantry Brigades, 1 M1916 VB Brigade, 4 Artillery Brigades (+1 Army Quality)
Germany: 49 Infantry Brigades, 10 Artillery Brigades
INVASION OF PIEDMONT. Geneva, Franco-Burgundian Confederation. As the fighting was waged further north, the Germans launched their most successful assault using the assistance of their Italian allies. Attacking from northern Italy, the Germans pushed into the Confederate kingdom of Piedmont, launching their assaults from Nice, and pushing inland and along the coast. The Confederate forces were not expecting an attack of the size and scope the Germans mustered, and faced a severe shortage of troops and tanks. Despite these disadvantages, the Confederates conducted a worthy tactical withdraw into the Alps, anchoring a new defensive line in the mountains. The Germans managed to push quickly west, and have secured almost the whole of the local kingdom, and even pushed into the eastern portions of the Duchy of Provence in Occitania. The Confederates new defensive line has managed to solidify the front with decent positions through the Alpine passes and along the Rhone River. Regardless, they remain outnumbered and without tank or air support.
Casualty Lists
Franco-Burgundian Confederation: 10 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 3 Artillery Brigades
Occitania: 3 Infantry Brigades, 1 Artillery Brigade
Germany: 19 Infantry Brigades, 1 M1911 VB Brigade, 6 Artillery Brigades, 1 AdF100 Bomber Squadron
CONFEDERATES INVADE CENTRAL AFRICA. Douala, Spain. As the great battles were waged in western Europe, the Franco-Burgundian Confederation launched a campaign of its own in Africa, seeking to destroy the broader base of Monarchist support. The garrisons in Central Africa had long pledged support to the monarchy and proved to be one of the most stalwart imperial garrisons globally. In response, the Confederation launched an invasion of Spanish Central Africa, using overwhelming forces from its colonies, and despite the severe financial and logistical strain this represented, managed to overwhelm the enemy. Through sheer numbers, taking a massive toll on the Confederate economy in their mere existence, the Confederate army smashed the Spanish, and the colony has been placed under the Confederation's occupation.
Casualty Lists
Franco-Burgundian Confederation: 5 Infantry Brigades, 5 Cavalry Brigades
Spain (Monarchist): 3 Infantry Brigades, 3 Cavalry Brigades, 1 Artillery Brigade
REPUBLICANS GAIN THE EMPIRE. Valencia, Spain. The massive setbacks put upon the Monarchist cause throughout the year, with the defeat of Monarchist forces in Galicia and Seville, have led to a severe drop in the Emperor's legitimacy abroad. The fall of Central Africa to the Confederation proved the final nail in the coffin of Emperor Philip X's support throughout the empire. In the so-called Christmas Declaration, the various wayward rebel colonies have united and declared their allegiance and support for the government in Valencia. Their garrisons have pledged loyalty to the legislative and elected government over that of the monarchy, possibly out of fear for their security from ambitious other imperial powers. This has granted the republicans control over the majority of the greater Spanish empire, and could be the death knell for the remaining hopes of the monarchists in Madrid. (+1 Stability for Republican Spain and all colonies, -1 Stability for Monarchist Spain)
News from the Americas
ELECTIONS IN COLOMBIA. Bogota, Colombia. Elections in Colombia this year proved more like a victory march for the conservative Party of Tradition than an actual political contest. The victory in the war over Ecuador, the annexation of the Panama Canal, and the surging economy have all been attributed to the successes of the reigning party. The Party of Tradition has pledged that if reelected they would continue the successful growth and prosperity that has marked their time in power, providing ever greater wealth and influence to the Colombian people both at home and abroad. The people have turned out in droves to vote for the reelection of their candidates, and the Party of Tradition has consolidated its growing power in the legislature and have established an overwhelming and absolute majority in the Colombian Congress. (+1 Stability)
ANTI-WAR PROTEST LEADS TO RIOTS IN BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The escalation of the Spanish Civil War has led to much anger among the anti-war activists within the Empire of Brazil. Claiming that the government has allowed very little time for peace, and condemned thousands more to die for no purpose, the Brazilian anti-war movement is clearly at its strongest point yet. With cries of "Europe is not our business" and "Bring the fleet home" the protestors marched upon the Brazilian legislature. The local police were essentially trampled by the crowd, and found themselves without enough manpower or equipment to contain the protests within reasonable bounds. Convinced that an armed uprising was underway, a local garrison commander surrounded the legislature with soldiers, and when, the crowd approached, they opened fire. Though the commander was immediately relieved and rebuked, the disaster quickly led to growing riots and a conflagration throughout the commercial district of Rio de Janeiro. The whole affair has been a political disaster for the Brazilian government, and the anti-war movement has gained substantial sympathy among the majority of the population, though they continue to remain a highly outspoken minority.
PROTEST CASTS SHADOW TOWARDS CHILE'S 1919 ELECTIONS. Santiago, Chile. The presidency of Pablo Montoya has remained one of the great controversies of South America, and the Chilean people have had an unusual love-hate relationship with their ruler. Though he has been elected to his office twice, he wields absolute power over his nation and is thus a highly polarizing figure in the local political system. This year a major protest was held in support of the nation's Democratic Party, the liberal movement to restore a freer society and free trade with Argentina and Brazil. They have lobbied against President Montoya's policies tying Chile to the Pacific Concord, which they view as a bulwark against world peace and democracy. Needless to say, these mounting issues and protests throw a sharp light upon the coming and likely heated 1919 presidential election campaigns.
PROTEST AGAINST CULT OF PERSONALITY IN HISPANIOLA. Santo Domingo, Hispaniola. The 1915 elections saw the rise of Lopez Pesado and a conservative political movement which rallied around him. This movement, calling themselves the Pesados, then won the national elections, and installed their favored son as the new President of Hispaniola. The president is an antagonistic figure to many, and the liberals, terming themselves, Anti-Pesados, have been virulent in their activities against him. This year, they launched a new campaign to reduce the president's national influence in preparation for the upcoming elections in 1920. They have charged that the president has been doing his best to build a cabal of supports in the government bureaucracy, taking advantage of the tumultuous time after winning independence from the United States of America. Their platform has failed to win over any new supporters, but they have continued to play to the liberal base of support across the island.
REPUBLICANS RIOT IN NICARAGUA. Managua, Nicaragua. The Nicaraguan government has come under siege this year, as the recent military coup has led to a severe backlash from the civilian population. They have denounced the takeover of the government by General Manuel Cavrera, who they claim has his own interests placed above those of the people. The military of course has not stood for any protests and mobilized immediately to arrest and imprison the ring leaders. This effort has turned into a series of ugly localized riots throughout Managua, as the republicans heavily resisted arrest, and twenty-three soldiers were killed, and over a hundred more injured. Civilian casualties were not estimated from the fighting, but are believed to be in the hundreds. The army continues to maintain control, but these recent acts have had no success, as most of the republican ringleaders remain at large. (-1 Stability)
JAPAN LEASES GALAPAGOS. Piura, Peru. The Japanese have brought a new military presence towards South and Central America this year, with the signing of a new agreement with the Kingdom of Peru. The new agreement features the leasing of the mostly uninhabited Galapagos Islands to the Japanese Empire, allowing them to build and use a naval base there. The new lease is said to be planned to only last ten years, with the possibility of negotiation being brought back in 1928, allowing for the possibility of more long-term ownership. The agreement has raised substantial concern in Colombia and Brazil, which have viewed this has a highly aggressive move towards the Panama Canal, as popular military thought agrees that the base could really only be used in offensive actions to decimate that vital waterway. These military fears have led to an even worse relations between the South American states and the Pacific Concord.
JACKSONIA BEGINS BUILDING AMID REFORMS. Jefferson, Jacksonia. The government of Jacksonia has begun building new efforts to modernize and revitalize the capital of Jefferson, adding the most modern conveniences. This has included a new underground transit system, as well as the construction of a novelty airfield, though it's not expected to receive much use beyond military purposes. The whole program has been hotly disputed, as many of the changes have been considered to be useless and prohibitively expensive, for the new nation. Furthermore, the planned construction could disrupt city life for years, maybe even a decade, also displacing families from their homes and businesses they have maintained for generations. The Progressive Party has come under immense fire for wasting government money on this and their failed economic policies. To make matters worse, a series of new reforms have outraged traditionalists and businessmen, limiting workdays to ten hours, and workweeks to forty hours. They have claimed that the government is crippling Jacksonian competiveness and marketability around the world, and have rallied substantial support as the faltering economy seems to support their claims. Overall it seems that the Progressive Party will face a tough fight to retain their positions in the 1919 elections. (-1 Stability)
NEW GOVERNMENT FORMED IN ECUADOR. Quito, Ecuador. With last year's utter defeat of the proletarist forces of Ecuador, and the death of Erik Acero in prison this year, it seems that a violent chapter in Ecuadorian history has been brought to an end. The Ecuadorian government has been reformed, as a member of the Peruvian royal family has been placed as a new king for the small nation. This is the first king the nation has received since King Simon III had been deposed in 1884, and the rest of the constitution is modeled upon that of Peru. The new government has been forced to pay reparations to both occupied until 1924, though thankfully no territory has been annexed by Colombia or Peru. Both nations have agreed to maintain a military garrison and continue join administration until the first national elections can be held in 1919. New elections are to be held every five years after upon the basis of the Peruvian constitution. The new arrangement has led to the great diminishment of the Ecuadorian state, as it has been effectively established as a commercial and political arena for Peru and Colombia.