Arab-Babylonian Wars, Continued
With their state beginning to crumble around them, the Babylonians launched a campaign into Egypt, in an attempt to eliminate their one western enemy. The Ghassanid armies sallied forth to defend their land, but they were outnumbered and swiftly defeated by the far greater in number Babylonians, those who stayed pressured by Aksumite incursions along Egypt’s southern frontier. Meanwhile, the Babylonians pressed directly for Alexandria, which fell in 554. From there, the Babylonians pushed up the Nile River, and by 556 most of Egypt had fallen under Babylonian subjugation with relative ease.
(Babylon: -9 Mercenary Companies, -1 Cavalry Company)
(Ghassanids: -5 Infantry Companies, -1 Cavalry Company, -10 Mercenary Companies, -Existence)
But it would be this invasion that proved costly, for just as the Babylonians had finished placing Egypt under their rule, the Arabians invaded the Levant, and were able to make quick progress – the Babylonian defenders were thin in number, and an attempted counterattack of the Babylonian forces from Egypt was driven off, despite taking a number of casualties. In 557 a triumphant King Ali entered Jerusalem, where he made a grand show of visiting Christ’s holy places, gaining sanction from the Patriarch of Jerusalem, and thus gaining a great deal of legitimacy as a centralizing figure across the Christian world. The Temple Mount was converted into an all-Christian church, the Cathedral of the All-Holy Trinity, with Jews forbidden from entrance.
(Babylon: -2 Mercenary Companies)
(Arabia: -1 Cavalry Company, -2 Mercenary Companies)
With the remaining Babylonian garrison in Egypt now cut off from the rest of Babylon, and very confused, the largely mercenary-composed army’s leader, a man named Gondophares of Arachosia, decided to make a daring move. In 566, to secure his realm’s stability and prosperity, he converted to Christianity, and – as the ultimate coup, had himself crowned pharaoh, the first since the incestuous and ineffectual Ptolemaic line had been ousted centuries earlier. Though he certainly does not claim to be divine in himself, Pharaoh Gondophares does claim to have been chosen by God as his lieutenant to rule Egypt. Gondophares distributed administrative power and land to those members of his army who joined him in converting to Christianity, and through some basic reforms such as guaranteeing Arabs equal treatment in law and civil service, peace has been restored – if she can survive, this new Egypt may have a bright future ahead of her.
(Babylon: -10 Mercenary Companies)
(Egypt: +10 Infantry Companies)
Northern Mesopotamia, taking advantage of the chaos, broke off as well, centralizing through the late 560s and 570s into what is now a pair of states independent of Arabs and Babylonians both. First, from the ancient city of Nineveh arose a new Assyrian state, which established its control as a local power along the Tigris as far south as Ashur and Hatra, managing to evade Arabian control. The second is the nascent kingdom of Armenia – the Armenians once again have a state after several centuries of domination from various local powers. Though it is still rather small and weak, of course, so was Macedon before Philip, and the new Armenian king Tigranes II, who ascended the throne in 574 after the death of his father Tigranes I, looks north, to the Caucasus, and dreams – of empire. With the visibly rotating political tides, all two states have accepted Christianity as their official state religions, though, especially in Assyria, others are quite well tolerated.
The Uar Persians, having recently fended off a tribe of invading Kushans from the north (detailed under Central Asia) launched their own invasion of eastern Babylon, starting in Medea, entering Ecbatana – the old Albanian capital – in 560, and proceeding southwards into Elam and Susa, and from there, west into Babylonia in 562. At the same time, the Arabs from the Levant marched down the Euphrates from Dura-Europos, and up the Persian Gulf coast. But through sheer numerical advantage, the Babylonians managed to fend off the Arab invaders from the south at the Battle of Charax, as the Arabs fell upon a Babylonian fortification. From there, this same, massive Babylonian army marched north to repulse the Arabs north of the City, and when the invading Uar attempted to lay siege to Babylon, they too were driven off. The exhausted Arabs retreated, and the Uar returned back to Persia proper, content with having gained Elam and Medea.
(Babylon: -1 Infantry Company, -1 Cavalry Company, -15 Mercenary Companies)
(Arabia: -2 Cavalry Companies, -6 Mercenary Companies)
(Uar Empire: -4 Infantry Companies, -6 Cavalry Companies, +Army Development, +Culture Development)
While the bulk of the Arabs’ army was off in the north, the Aksumites launched a renewed campaign into the Hedjaz itself. They were supported by the strange men of far-off Yibram, who in the 550s had established a trade post on the island of Socotra, which they named Haafi, sent a contingent of soldiers in support of their fellow Jews. Though the Arabs had the advantage of terrain, they were outnumbered and the Aksumites were able to provide their armies ample supplies from the sea, and in 561, Mecca fell to the Aksumites. As did Medina, around the same time. Nonetheless, the Aksumites and their Yibri companions who help defend the newly gained territory must face constant harassment from the Arab tribes of the interior, who despite being outnumbered, are relentless in their aim of retaking the Hedjaz. Still, for the Aksumites, who solidified their own control of Alodia through the construction of a road network there, it is a time of great victory and triumph, as the state reaches unpreceded heights of power and influence. Yibram, with ever-greater influence in Arabia, is also at a high point, since 571 under the rule of Tolum Jeyte, the first Yibri king to win a unanimous election.
(Aksum: -1 Cavalry Company, -8 Mercenary Companies)
(Yibram: -4 Infantry Companies, +Stability)
(Arabia: -Stability, -3 Cavalry Brigades)
Though the Arabians have thus inherited the Levant, and have done a fairly good job of allowing local traditions to be retained and reestablishing a bureaucracy, they inherit a rather devastated land, that continues to be plagued by Cilician corsairs raiding its coast, nomadic bandits in an effective hold over the interior, and the cities largely depopulated with no one to support them – just as the Babylonians had begun building what might have been a successful administration to stabilize and rebuild them, the Arabs came along and destabilized it, again. The loss of Mecca has meant that the Arab imperial seat has been relocated to Jerusalem; and the center of Arab power has shifted to the north, its amorphous tribal-based structure allowing this to be done fairly easily. At the same time, the addition of numerous libraries’ worth of texts to the Arabs’ hands has brought the state into contact with some of the great works of Roman, Hellenistic, and Persian civilizations for the first time.
(Arabia: +Army Development, +Culture Development)
And Babylon stews, reduced to a rump state in lower Mesopotamia by the invasion, much of its local wealth carried away by the Arabs. Yet, Babylon lives on. Its navy remains superior in its region, and perhaps Babylon will live to see the next age – but its future looks ever more bleak.
(Babylon: +Navy Development, +Stability)
We should also mention Oman here. Striding the edge of the peninsula untouched by war, Oman acquiesced and became an Arabian vassal – but it is clear that this status is in name only, and especially with the shift of Arabia’s armies northwards, Oman is ever far from the Quraysh’s control. Nothing changed in Oman, which had little interest in foreign conquests to begin with. Oman’s rulers displaced a remarkable amount of tolerance for its Buddhist and Hindu trader-based communities, and rather curiously, traders from India erected a somewhat impressive Hindu temple in Muscat’s port town, a development which has drawn more curiosity than criticism from the country’s Christians.
West Africa
In Pel Ma ‘ir, the Sao high king awoke one morning to find he had received a rather unique delegation – an Aksumite envoy had arrived. The high king did not trust these foreigners very much; they were of that foreign cult whose rabbis had been making the rounds in his city streets, stirring up nothing but trouble. But the deal they offered – halting the persecution of the Jews in exchange for promises of wealth – that deal interested the high king very much. And the emissaries did not hesitate to display their wealth. Yes, the high king could do this. Of course, the same protections did not hold for the followers of the “nail god,” and the high king’s ire soon turned on them after Pel Ma ‘ir authorities discovered a supposed coup plot by the city’s small Christian community against the king. On order of the High King, the Sao Kingdom’s Christians were swiftly rounded up sometime after 560, forced to renounce their faith, or face execution.
Meanwhile, the sparse records from this time show that the rising Ghana Empire turned its armies on Gao sometime in the early 570s, and entirely subjugated the small state, supposedly torching the city of Gao to the ground and salting its remains – a new city of Gao was established as a Ghanaian military outpost on the outskirts of the old one, using building material from the old city. Much of the city’s wealth was returned to the Ghanaian upper class – and especially the emperor, who used it to make his already wildly luxurious palace even more extravagant. Tales of this “land of red and gold” have spread into the Mediterranean world, enticing traders, travelers, and adventurers all.
(Ghana: -3 Infantry Companies, -2 Cavalry Companies, +Army Development, -Stability)
(Gao: -8 Infantry Companies, -6 Cavalry Companies, -Existence)
Central Asia
Kabul, in its own corner of the globe, remained peaceful and prosperous. Here, Hindus, Buddhists, Zoroastrians, and Manichaeans continue to meet and mingle with each other in peace. Little of note happened here, and considering what Kabul faces outside its borders, perhaps it is better off for them all this way.
For the Kushans, some of whom hoped to continue pushing west, they would be only met and defeated by a swift Scythian counterattack starting in 553, when the Scythian army regrouped and pushed back, managing to break the Kushans with their ferocity, and causing their nascent confederation to scatter in all directions. The Scythians instead of directly attacking from there assembled a group of friendly tribes and chieftains, under a singular high king, which went on the offensive and proceeded to seize much of the Kushans’ land. The new
Kèhánat of Sikesh was thus born, as a Scythian client state. It incorporated a number of tribes to the east, thanks to the Rouran Khanate suffering an internal collapse of sorts, in response to an invasion from the east – we will come to this later.
(Scythia: -1 Cavalry Company)
(Sikesh: -5 Cavalry Companies)
(Kushans: -8 Cavalry Companies, -Stability)
(Rouran Khanate: -5 Infantry Companies)
Another group of Kushans was scattered southwards, and combined with Babylonian money, attempted to migrate into Persia. But, thanks to their old state having fallen. The Uar Persians have not conquered Margiana from them yet, simply because the Uar have been distracted elsewhere. And, so, technically, the Kushan Khaganate continues to live on.
(Kushans: -10 Cavalry Companies, -Stability)
(Uar Empire: -3 Cavalry Companies)
Scythia itself attempted expansion to the east and to the north, incorporating friendly tribes into its state. In this, they were somewhat successful, and the expansion was accomplished fairly bloodlessly, through the land itself has little of note. Then, the Scythians attempted to cross the Baltic, to the land called Suomi, to establish their rule here, and when Scythian soldiers entered this land attempting peaceful integration, they met harsh resistance from tribes who had heard tales of slavery and other supposed dark facets of life under Scythia – so much so, in fact, that the Scythians were repulsed and prevented from settling the region. In fact, the Scythian expansion marked the impetus for something else, for the local Finns to altogether unite under one chief, and in the 560s a unified Suomi is born for the first time.
While all this was ongoing, Scythian arts and culture were blossoming – and so were its politics. The centerpiece of this was a grand ceremony in 555, held in the Scythian capital of Chersone. There, the satraps and xuyltai met at the behest of Karlitava, Kèhán (king) of Scythia who had led his armies to victory over the Yotvings and Samojards, to bear witness to Karlitava, clutching a peryton with nine arrows for nine gods, being crowned Xšaya – Emperor of Scythia, giving rise to the so-called “Peryton Empire.” The long peace of Karlitava’s reign has also brought stability to the country – but how long can this last, with an empire so big? Inevitably, it must fall, the other peoples of the world tell themselves – the question now is when?
(Scythia: -2 Infantry Companies, -1 Cavalry Company, +Stability, +Culture Development)
(Suomi: -1 Infantry Company)
Still another group was released by the subjugation of the Kushans: a group of seven tribes, collectively known to the Scythians and Greeks as the Tarjans, after their supposedly leading tribe; but they were also known, especially to the Persians and Indians, by the name of another major tribe within them:
Megyers.
In any case, the Tarjans, who were strikingly, firmly Buddhist, and completely undesiring to partake in the whole Sikesh mess, fanned out to the southeast in the 560s, establishing control over most of the lower Oxus river valley and the number of trading posts that had been established there, before they fell upon the northwestern frontier of Bactria in 563. Perhaps Bactria would have stood, and by all rights, it should have; but it just so happened that the death of the Bactrian king in 561 triggered a succession war, allowing the Tarjans to sweep in and capture parts of western Bactria, though at some cost. Proceeding from here, the Tarjans proceeded to subjugate the Ferghana Valley in 570. The trade city of Marakanda, though somewhat ravaged by the ongoing war, has become the Tarjan capital.
(Tarjans: -3 Cavalry Companies)
(Bactria: -5 Infantry Companies, -2 Cavalry Companies)
Nevertheless, the Tarjan khagan’s hold over the region is slippery. To make matters more complicated, many Tarjans hear of greener pastures, and more importantly, wealth in abundance almost unheard of on the western steppes, just across a mountain pass to the south, and perhaps Marakanda just isn’t good enough; perhaps they should go there...
India
Not for the first time, Hindustan found itself divided between two immensely powerful states, one in the north and one in the south. It appeared that the two would inevitably go to war.
Such a conflict never actually came.
There is a tale of the Emperor Gopala Sundara. When he was a boy, he went swimming in the Yamuna River near Indraprastha, and witnessed a pair of his father’s soldiers attempting to slay a tiger, and being both killed in their militarist arrogance, turning the boy off warfare forever. Whether this tale is true or not, from the gates of the Hindu Kush to the wide fan the Ganga makes where it enters the sea, if Ram Sundara’s reign was a time of war, his successor Gopala Sundara’s was a time of peace. And what a peace it was! Letting the military be to defend the empire’s frontiers, Gopala turned to art and culture.
Influenced by the Yona aesthetic common in the northwest extension of the Sundara Empire, Gopala Sundara patronized the construction of a great many Buddhist centers in that style – and not just Buddhist, but Hindu temples as well. Infratstructure improvements on the scale of those of the great Ashoka were conducted, namely the construction of a new and greatly modernized road network swiftly tying one end of the empire to the other and a courier system to go along with it, was completed. To top it all off, in the 560s, Gopala Sundara relocated his capital from Pataliputra to the more central location of Indraprastha – which was spectacularly built in a very Hellenistic-influenced style. In 575, the eminent Gopala Sundara still reigns, in full health, with no signs of stopping the great golden age his rule has brought to North India.
(Sundara Empire: +Economy Development, +Culture Development, +Stability)
The far eastern kingdom of Kamarupa took an unprecedented step – instead of bothering to care about the affairs to the west, of Sundaras and Chalukyas and the other great nations of a divided India, Kamarupa turned its little eye east, across the perilous mountains, to China. In a hitherto unprecedented step, Chinese envoys were able to firmly establish a trade route between the two countries, and secure it from outside threats – meaning that the harrowing land route can now be traveled. The kings and nobles of Kamarupa now feel ever safer, knowing that the Emperor of All Under Heaven has their back – maybe.
(Kamarupa: +Stability)
Records show little of Kalinga in this period; there is some mention of its kings establishing closer diplomatic relations with the Sundara Empire, as Gopala Sundara made it clear he had little interest in conquering Kalinga, or anyone else, for that matter. It is also mentioned that it continued stewarding trade missions to the eastern lands, and that the Kalingan kings are reputed to have built up an impressive collection of Nusantaran tortoise shells.
In the western realm of Vallabhi, continuing to exchange trade contacts with Oman, the state’s rulers sought to attain enlightenment through the gathering of knowledge, and established a royal library in Dvaraka, where Hellenistic, Persian, and Indian texts were gathered in what by 575 was India’s largest outside Karnataka and the Sundara Empire. But, far more interesting, was the development of a full-fledged Nasrani community in Dvaraka, in tandem with Omani missionaries who, despite the vast doctrinal differences, saw much common ground in these communities, and even much that they could learn for their own faith at home.
(Vallabhi: +Economy Development, +Culture Development)
In Chalukya-ruled Karnataka, it was a similar time of peace and prosperity; but despite this, all was not entirely well. The newly incorporated Malayalam- and Tamil-speaking areas in the south have proven somewhat difficult to administer thanks to a language gap that has not been resolved with Telugu- or Kannada-speaking nobility managing the affair, resulting in bureaucratic conflict. To the north, being a Chalukya feudatory has helped the state of Malwa in more ways than one; its generals have decided to emulate the Chalukyas’ methods of warfare and army organization, though there has not yet been a war in which they can show their skills.
(Karnataka: -Stability)
(Malwa: +Army Development)
The Tamil states, even in the watchful shadow of the Chalukya Empire, squabbled amongst each other, often exchanging alliances. After a couple of inconclusive wars in the 550s after which everyone involved realized the pointlessness of them all, it was too late. In the 560s, the Kingdom of Gokanna on Lanka crossed onto the Indian mainland. It is reputed that just like Rama, the Lankans crossed by building a bridge of rocks; but in reality, they probably merely crossed the narrow strait on boats. The southern Tamil state, that of the Cholas, was swiftly conquered; but for whatever reason, the Lankans did not proceed any further northwards. Travelers of Lanka in this day report of how the island might as well be some Paradise, with its bountiful wealth and prosperity.
(Tamil states: -1 Cavalry Companies, -3 Infantry Companies, +Stability)
(Gokanna: -1 Infantry Company, -1 Cavalry Company, +Army Development)
Southeast Asia
Tarumangara retained its hold of all Nusantara. But, lately, even with Taruman naval dominance, holding onto all that land seems more and more difficult for the country’s complex administration. Case in point: Malaya, which was invaded by Langkasuka in the 560s, and as the periphery of the Taruman domain, quickly taken by Langkasuka. The high king of Langkasuka at the time of the invasion, a man named Bhagadatta the Great, used the conquest to consolidate his power further, to the point where Langkasuka can hardly be called a confederacy anymore. Still, for most of the country, including the great country of Rondan, the peace continued. Some of the Rondanese natives have established a further for their variant of Buddhism based on cultural fusions between the Nusantaran migrants and those of the Rondanese – the so-called Altjira Buddhism.
(Langkasuka: -2 Infantry Companies, +Stability)
(Tarumangara: -Stability, -3 Infantry Companies)
The north saw the further rise to power of Dvaravati to prominence. Some wars were fought between the Mon Dvaravati and the Khmer Kambojans over the upper Mekong region in the 560s and 570s, leading to Dvaravati victory and establishment supremacy there, and travellers’ records show that in Kamboja, the time was one of malaise and general decline. Little of note passed in neighboring Champa, except a general flowering of wealth. Buddhism continued its spread through the still largely Hindu-dominated region.
(Dvaravati: -2 Infantry Companies, -1 Cavalry Company, +Stability, +Army Development)
(Kamboja: -5 Infantry Companies, -2 Cavalry Companies, -Stability)
The Pyu world was badly shaken by the conversion of the king of Beikthano to Vajrayana Buddhism – a date marked as 557 in Kalingan sources, but differing in some others. Nonetheless, it was this event, and the succeeding wars, that caused a great flowering of Buddhism amongst the Pyu – not to mention a further centralizing of power into Beikthano.
(Pyu city-states: -2 Infantry Companies, -Stability, +Army Development)
The Theravada and Vajrayana flowerings that swept through Southeast Asia roughly between 550 and 570 left behind a rather impressive legacy, in the great number of stupas and other such buildings which survive from the period, and the literature it produced; though largely oral, the spread of Brahmi-descended scripts in the sixth century with Buddhism has marked an outburst of written literature.
(Pyu city-states, Dvaravati, Kamboja, Champa, Langkasuka: +Culture Development)
East Asia
The increasingly powerful position of Imperial Chancellor of Great Sung fell to one Xiang Yaoshi, a remarkably young man for the post. Xiang’s main concern lay at sea – he proposed a new doctrine: “the dragon rides the waves,” he famously declared to the Qianlong Emperor. To this end, the size of the imperial fleet was greatly expanded. Ports and harbors were constructed at grand scales in dozens of coastal towns and cities. The newly expanded Sung fleet made a grand tour of sorts amongst a few of its neighboring countries – ports in Champa, Baekje, and Hirajima all saw visits by Chinese “dragon ships,” instilling fear and wonder both in observers. In any case, all these countries were shaken by this.
(Great Sung: +Navy Development)
(Champa, Baekje, Hirajima: -Stability)
From the cold lands of the northeast, where not even the hardiest of Chinese or Mongols venture, came the Kamchachans. A most strange and alien “bone people,” having mastered the arts of horseback warfare and dogsled warfare both, the Kamchachans had by the mid-550s brutally subjugated most of those Jurchen tribes ruling the lands to the northeast of China. The Kamchachan invasion of the Rouran Khanate that followed, through the course of the 560s, would bring much of the eastern third of the Khanate under Kamchachan control, after the Rouran army was decisively defeated in 562. A simultaneous invasion of the Jin Kingdom in 567 succeeded where previous Rouran invasions had repeatedly failed, for the Jin could not outfight the dogs who came tearing upon them. Jin called for aid, but Baekje did not respond; Jin was quickly overrun, and though its cities held out, it was only a matter of time before they fell. The Kamchachans by 570 had reached the banks of the Yellow River.
(Kamchachan Khaldom: -2 Infantry Companies, -5 Cavalry Companies)
(Rouran Khanate: -15 Cavalry Companies)
(Jin Kingdom: -10 Infantry Companies, -4 Cavalry Companies, -Existence)
Though large parts of the Rouran Khanate were lost, either to the Kamchachan incursions, or to events to the west, the Khanate itself miraculously held together. Perhaps it was because the deadweight of the least loyal elements of the Khanate was cut away by the incursions. Or perhaps it was the extension of the Yassa Decrees over the entirety of the country, standardizing the rule of law everywhere. Or perhaps it was the completion of the irrigation projects brought continued prosperity to the countryside unaffected by the war. Or perhaps it was merely that the Khaan’s authority, built up over the years, was able to weather the storm. A grand marriage was held in Karakorum between Princess Roxana of Kashgar and Gur Khaan II. The Rouran Khanate may yet survive, but it will take a great deal of effort to keep the edifice stable and safe from invasions.
(Rouran Khanate: +Stability)
The political boost that arrived from the consummation of Kashgar’s ties with the Rouran Khanate cannot be underestimated. As the swords clanked at the Battle of Yarkand in 571, the armies of Khotan were resoundingly defeated by those of Kashgar, the king of Khotan killed on the battlefield, and Khotan’s age of hegemony amongst the region’s states was ended. Yarkand fell under Kashgar’s direct rule, and Kashgar has replaced Khotan as the prominent state of the Tarim Basin. Kashgar in particular, placed nicely along the Silk Road, has become a nexus where Hellenistic and Persian cultures of the west met Chinese cultures of the east.
(Tarim Basin: -4 Infantry Companies, -3 Cavalry Companies, -Stability, +Culture Development)
Baekje in the south of Korea was spared the ravages of war, and managed to dodge the Kamchachan arrow when the Kamchachans, instead of driving straight for the southern coast as many expected, simply turned back north after subjugating Pyongyang. The kings of Baekje paid for the construction of a series of fortresses along the frontier with the Kamchachans – these also served to solidify the state’s administrative control over the frontier. The ever-wealthier Baekje court was a major patron of poetry and visual arts, and in Baekje’s cities, a number of schools of mathematics and philosophy flourished in the 550s and 560s. The entire period was remembered as a glorious golden age for Korean arts, who displayed a growing cultural influence with nearby Japan as the two lands grew ever closer through trade, and all this continued even as the north suffered subjugation, not for the first time in recent memory.
(Baekje: +Stability, +Culture Development)
Japan remained quietly prosperous; records and art from this phase of the Hirajima era all demonstrate a curious fixation on boats.
(Hirajima: +Navy Development)
Story Bonuses
Despite the politicking in Dacia, its variant of Christianity has spread and taken root. But the opposition is quite great, and this may not at all be in any way permanent, before another force enters the equation to overturn it completely.
The story of the Peryton Emperor of Scythia is told far and wide in these days and those yet to come, and it is told to visitors in the increasingly lush and wealthy streets of Cherson.
The tales of the Arab King Ali, who “liberated” Jerusalem, have spread through the newly conquered lands quick and wide, and the king’s divine eminence, but more likely the Arab military force in the Levant and upper Mesopotamia, have spurred widespread baptisms in cities and villages from the Erythraean to Cilicia.
The port construction efforts in Great Sung were overseen by a eunuch mathematician named Jia Xian, best known for his work on the so-called “Jia Xian triangle,” a mathematical tool in which each number in a growing pyramid is the sum of the two numbers above it. His work was able to increase the efficiency of Chinese ports significantly.
OOC
thomas berubeg: I just used one of the colors on the map you gave me – let me know if you want it changed. (for everyone else, thomas is the Guthlid, and for that matter, signups like his – large conquests in a single turn in divided, unstable regions – are perfectly acceptable)
Amesjay: Sorry

Feel free to rejoin somewhere else if you like though!
Thomas/Reus/whoever else was on chat when we were discussing this: I can’t remember if we’d come up with a better name for Aborigine Buddhism, if we did I’ll change it at once.
let me know if I screwed up anything; there was a lot going on this update so it’s likely that I did.