Culture groups
Egyptian : Egypt only
European : Anglo-Saxons, Arverni, Celtiberians, Coritani, Dacia, Eire, Iceni, Iona, Jutes, Marcomanni, Ostrogoths, Picts, Vandals
Mediterranean : Athens, Byzantines, Carthage, Corinth, Etruria, Illyria, Macedonia, Rome, Sparta, Thrace
Middle East : Axum, Kushan, Nabataea, Parthia, Persia
Nomadic : Huns, Scythia
Traits
Agricultural : Extra food in city square/irrigated desert; cheaper granaries.
Industrious : Workers work faster; extra shield in city square; cheaper whalers.
Organised : Extra commerce in city square; lower corruption; cheaper courts, courthouses and forums.
Philosophical : Free random advance at the start of each era; cheaper academies, libraries and schools.
Seafaring : Extra commerce in city square; ships move faster + reduced chance of sinking; cheaper harbours and ports.
Spiritual : No barbarians from goody huts (well, it had to go somewhere

); cheaper churches, shrines and temples.
Stable : No anarchy when switching governments; cheaper war-weariness reducing buildings.
Warlike : Unit promotions more likely; cheaper barracks and walls.
Citizens
The default citizens (and their bonuses) are:
Entertainer : 1 luxury
Tax collector : 2 taxes
Scientist : 3 research
Policeman : 1 corruption
Civil engineer : 2 construction
In the mod, civs will normally get the entertainer, tax collector and scientist; civs would not usually get the policeman or civil engineer. Some civs have bonus or replacement citizens; please look at the details under "civ-specific gameplay" for more information.