"This other Eden, demi-paradise, this precious stone set in a silver sea, this Earth, this Realm, this England!"
Henry of England struck the first blow in 1540 when he used his fleet to bottle up all Scottish naval vessels in port and denied them access to the continent. Scottish money could not bring fresh troops to serve the Scottish King. And to make things worse, the sympathetic Dutch merchants of Antwerp raised enough gold to send 10 divisions to aid the beleaguered Henry. So by the start of the fall campaign in 1540 the English armies were ready. They struck north towards York and west towards Wales and regained lost land before the winter recess.
Rough seas broke up the English blockade of Edinburgh in January 1541 and the Scottish fleet fled to the mainland. They returned with the start of the campaign season and brought new divisions with them just in time to confront an English army under General James Morrison Dupree landing at Berwick-on-Tweed and bent on attacking Edinburgh. The sudden arrival of fresh troops invigorated the Scots and one feisty clansman, Rodney Stewart blunted the English advance with a well-timed ambush in the Moorfoot Hills. In their panicked retreat to Berwick, the English abandoned their cannon and the young Scot earned a name for himself. He was promoted and charged with the defense of Edinburgh. It took him all fall to drive Dupree south to York which was under attack by another English army moving north. The English were winning in the east as they lost Cornwall and southwest England.
By 1542 the English northern offense was again building momentum and General Dupree gathered his forces and struck at Glasgow. The Scots were feeling the pinch of the relentless pressure of the English navy upon trade and the import of war supplies and keeping their armies in the field was getting more difficult. Rodney was active in the south and threatening Southampton. Both sides were running out of steam. The years of war had drained the treasuries and will from all, but the highest levels of authority. The English wool trade was in shambles; few crops survived to harvest anywhere south of the River Tweed; the peasants uprooted and hiding. In Scotland it was less dire, but the land was poorer to begin with and the blockade had shut down all trade with Nova Scotia and most of Europe. The two years of campaigning in the lowlands had driven the people north and overburdened the highlands. The people grumbled; even the soldiers grumbled: there was little left to pillage or appropriate.
Outcomes:
-3 Sqds Scotland
-4 Sqds England
+war effects on economy England and Scotland
“There is no God but God…”
General Tahmasp reviewed his army on the plains outside the ancient city of Anah. It was the finest that Persia had fielded since the glorious days of Xerxes. It was thoroughly modern and the troops were battle-hardened veterans of the wars of expansion, but now armed and trained in the European style. The navy was also modernized and while untested, seemed equal to the best of Europe. This campaign would test the mettle of Tahmasp’s army with firearms and “fighting at a distance”. In two days the march west would begin and by early October 1542 they would be at the gates of Damascus. From there Jerusalem all the Holy Land would fall to the Shia.
Mostly, Tahmasp was correct. The garrisons of the Islamic empire were unprepared for a Persian attack. Damacus surrendered rather than suffer the destruction of their city from cannon fire. The local Shia rejoiced as the Sunnis fled south to Jerusalem. General Tahmasp let them go unmolested. Three weeks later he was upon them again outside of Jerusalem. The overburdened city was in a panic and frantically preparing for an attack it could not withstand. Out numbered ten to one, with relief months away at best, it only took one failed sortie into the Safavid camp (to destroy the cannon) to set the stage for negotiations. Terms were granted. The Sunnis for the most part left in a great mass for Suez. The Christians and Jews were left to fend for themselves, but unharmed.
By the Spring of 1543 rumors of a jihad army gathering in the Sinai stirred Tahmasp to action once again. He moved his best divisions south to Gaza. The quickly assembled Islamic horde threw themselves against the well disciplined and matchlocked armed Persians. The first battle of Gaza was one of zealousness and greater numbers versus the steadiness of training and battle discipline. The firearms won hands down and the generals of the Jihad withdrew to the safety of the Sinai to rethink their battle plans.
Better plans and fresh troops provided better results in the fall. Winning still seemed beyond their reach, but by threatening the desert flanks of the Persians, the forces of Egypt forced the Safavid back one step at a time until the walls of Jerusalem were but a day march north. There the Islamic Empire faced the full panoply of Persian might. There would be no flanking maneuver to force the enemy back; there would be no surfeit of numbers to persuade the enemy that discretion was the better part of valor. The outcome would hinge upon a bloody day of carnage. Both sides prepared.
It was an all day affair that early on was decidedly in favor of the Persians and their guns. The jihad dead and wounded continued to mount all morning as they easily slain before they could close with their enemy. As the defending Safavids ran low on powder, the tide that ebbed now flowed and Persian lines faltered under fresh assaults. Horse and camel warriors dominated the afternoon action as fatigue worked its way across the battlefield. Like many battles, the day turned on a small event and the frailty of men. A Jihad cavalry attack had isolated two battalions of Safavid musketeers and the collapse of the center seemed inevitable. It was then that one captain Merwan Irani had a lucky shot and downed the cavalry’s leader. As he fell his troops panicked and fled. Merwan rallied his weary troops and ordered an attack that surprised his equally tired opponents. Fear piled upon fear and the jihadist lines rolled away from the field unhinged and dispirited. There was no pursuit beyond a few hundred paces.
Jerusalem was in the hands of the Shia. The Islamic empire collected themselves at Gaza. In 1544 the second battle of Gaza set the limits of the Safavid advance. The Persians were unable to dislodge the restored jihad forces from well prepared defenses and high casualties eventually forced the aggressor back to the safety of Jerusalem.
Outcomes:
+1 RC (Jerusalem) Persia
-14 Divs Persia
-11 Divs Islamic Empire
The Dance of Shiva
What was inevitable finally happened. The relentless advance of the Mughals faced the ancient strength of the Rajputs and the new found power of the Bengali. Forty six divisions or well armed, well led, and experienced Mughal warriors were arrayed across northern India. The 20 divisions of Rajputs were armed and trained for 15th Century warfare, but well led and knew what to expect. Guns did not scare them; they were confident that the Mughals could be maneuvered into disadvantage. To the east the Bengali had amassed 36 divisions, also well led and experienced. Their alliance with the Ayutthayans had provided them with guns and cannon lacking elsewhere on the subcontinent. Spies had been at work for many months; there were no surprises; both camps were armed and ready for war. It was only a matter of when and where and who would make the first move. It came in early 1540 in the valley of Indus as the western reaches of Rajputana were buried under the invading Mughals. As they responded the Rajputs were struck again in the east along the Ganges. Along the Indus the Rajputs collapsed. In battle after battle their outnumbered forces were pinned by steady gunfire and then swept away by flanking cavalry. There was no war of maneuver to catch the Mughals unprepared or at some local disadvantage. The Mughals seemed to be everywhere they needed to be and in force. They crossed the Indus and swept east towards the capital at Ajmer.
Along the Ganges it was little different in the end even if resistance was stiffer. The Mughals drove along the southern bank of the Mother River as if to strike for the Holy city of Benares, but at the last minute turned west to the Rajput capital. The plan caught the enemy reserves between the two advancing armies. All attempts to fend off the attacks failed and as the monsoon approached most of what was left of the Rajput army fled south to safety and the coming June rains.
As the Mughals poured down the Ganges plain, the Bengali moved a third of their army into well prepared defenses outside of Benares. Sher Shan proclaimed himself Suri and rightful ruler from Delhi. As the Rajputs collapsed the Bengali gathered their strength. By the end of the monsoons and the time it took for the roads to dry and rivers to return to normal levels, the armies were back in the field again. Northwest Rajputana between the Yamuna and Ganges rivers was absorbed by the Bengali army; the troops around Benares improved defenses. On the Mughal side the Rajput countryside was brought under control and pacified: the calm before the storm.
The real war began late in the year. The three pronged attack by the Mughals came along the Ganges valley, at Benares and the last was south into the newly conquered Bengali lands. For the last, the Bengali were least ready.
For two years they waged bloody war. The Mughals had greatest success along the Ganges plain where their cavalry worked to their advantage. The defenders around Benares refused to budge and both sides fought a war of attrition without advancement. In the south though, the Mughals swept aside the defenders and marched on towards Orissa and a swing north into the soft belly of Bengal. It would have worked too, except that Amadnagar choose that moment to enter the fray. Sure their army was less well equipped, of poorer quality than the Mughals, but they had a substantial edge in surprise and twice the divisions. The sudden and complete collapse of the Rajputs had unnerved them and they feared what the future held if the Mughals were unchecked. Their opportunistic attacked worked. Soon after the Bengal army of the south was beaten and the Mughals, cocky with victory, turned away from the Amadnagar border, the anxious Indians threw every thing they had at the rear of the Mughal advance. It was no set piece battle on a great plain, but a furious and desperate attack to keep the Mughals from getting organized for a real battle. It worked well enough and after surprising losses the Mughals turned back and retreated to Rajput lands.
Outcomes:
- Rajputana
-15 Divs Mughals
-18 Divs Bengal
-10 Divs Amadnagar
+RC (Benares) to Bengal
+Ajmer TC to Mughals
+1 Army Confidence Bengal
+Army quality to Veteran Mughal
Flower Wars of the Mexica
Mixtzin was bound and held atop the pyramid of the war god in Tzintzuntzan. He knew his fate. He had watched it unfold before him all morning as his former warriors were stretched across the alter, sliced open so the priest could cut the still beating heart from the living body and offer it to the god. At the end it would be his turn. It was the expected death of an Aztec warrior lord.
Mixtzin thought back to the winter two years ago. Aztec armies had put aside their traditional garb of quilted cotton, feathers and obsidian blades for the shiny steel of Span and Europe. Many now carried matchlock guns and could fire them in an orderly manner. It was only after the bullets had flown fast and deadly that order broke down and melee took center stage. Captives were still the prize. The Tarascans were ready for the Aztec attack and, impressively, had similar weapons at the ready among many of their troops. Even by Aztec standards it was a bloody war. Thousands of brave Tarascans died, many like him, at the slice of a jagged blade atop and war god’s temple. The war had been an on again off again affair for both sides as armies fought to bloody standstill and then packed their prisoners off for the flowery death. After suitable rest and recuperation, the armies took the field again. Of course the main effort was to bring the Tarascans into subservience and vassalage to the Speaker. But what was war without sacrifice and death atop the temples?
The Empire had been advanced and the lands of the Michihuacan had fallen to the Aztec lords. More, including Tonala, would follow. He would not see it, but he knew the gods amiled upon his land and his people. They prospered and none could withstand the might of the Aztec armies. He was ready when they pushed him forward, cut his bonds and stretched him across the blood-slick alter. He was calm as the dagger cut deep and swift with practiced care. There was no pain as he was embraced by Huitzilopochtli.
Outcomes:
-14 divs Aztecs
-14 divs Tarasco
“And I shall deliver mine enemies onto the field of death and they shall perish at the hands of the Lord.”
There was no rest for those suffering in Germany. War piled upon war and trouble piled upon trouble for those who lived in that once a peaceful land. What was once the providence of kings was given now to the people themselves and with great enthusiasm they took that power and used it upon their neighbors both friend and foe. Greed, pride, and wanton lust for power cloaked in god’s holy raiment stalked the land with cold steel and hot fire. Few would be untouched. The world had gone mad.
The wars of princes and kings were eclipsed by the terror of people bent on killing those who believed differently. The eruptions of religious pogroms were in advance of, behind, and in lieu of the campaigns of Brandenburg and Bavaria, Austria and Poland. They knew neither borders nor season. None could hold the killing back and those who had fed the fires of dissention hid in horror at the fruit of their labors. Gangs of angry Protestants dragged any all Catholics to a bloody death in the streets or fields. Soon it was the Protestant’s across the river turn to die. And they did. In horrific rotation pain was piled upon pain and suffering upon suffering. There were no farmers, no merchants, no bakers or cobblers. There were only the hunters and the hunted. All lived in fear; time stopped and death tread all across Germany. The Brandenburg offense, so carefully planned and arranged with Austria, never made it out of Bohemia. Self-preservation was the watchword for one and all.
The fires of hate and persecution were first set ablaze in Lorraine in1541 and spread across tinder dry Germany within 6 months. By 1541 Austria and western Poland were aflame. In 1543 the Baltic States and the Low Countries ignited.
Buda fell to the Poles in 1540 and the former King of Hungary took his court and withered army to Belgrade where he rode out the chaos to come unthreatened. As Austria moved to claim the remnants of Hungary in 1541 her armies were recalled to defend the defenseless. Even the armies were not immune to the holy work of killing those of differing faith. Whole units succumbed to internal friction and dissolved in deathly struggle. At times armies hired by a single nation turned upon one another and fought to a standstill of exhausted hatred. All was devastation across central Europe. What order there was, was imposed by strong men with devoted troops.
By 1544 all that could be burned had been consumed by the fires of hell. Hunger replaced hate. Sadness replaced fervor. All who would kill had been killed. All who wept could weep no more. Stupor took hold and the kings and princes and priests and ministers and commoners and peasants looked at one another and asked “What have we done?”
Outcomes:
+ Economic collapse: Bavaria, Brandenburg, Austria, Poland, Hungary
+Baltic nations
Travelers Notes:
1544 Ivan IV is crowned Grand Prince of Muscovy at age 14.
War, rebellion, death and devastation provide fertile fields for the Popes acts of charity and hope. Many of his emissaries though die as martyrs to the faith.
Spanish tax collectors collect 1 EP from merchants passing through the Straits of Gibraltar.
Ethiopia builds its infrastructure and develops its port at Massawa into a trading gateway for the Red Sea traffic and goods from the highlands of Ethiopia. [now played by Perfectionist]
Ayutthayan naval patrols throughout Southeast Asia appear to be on high alert as the secretive kingdom suspects all nations of preparing for war. No aid however is sent to its beleaguered ally Bengal.
Calusa builds closer ties to Portugal and “gifts” an EP to the seafaring nation. Calusian officials later learn that the funds were spent to fund Indian Ocean ventures. Little is known of this secretive nation, but those who have visited it report it is well run and prosperous.
In 1543 Yahya ibn Ibrahim launched an independence movement in Algiers to restore the Marinid Sultanate. The unpopular Portuguese rule supported the uprising for it to take root and carve out a few acres of desert. [Slavic Sioux]
Angelo del Papa is selected to command the Armies of Tuscany.
Maxmud II continues to build his widespread nation and try to bind it into the single successor to the Golden Horde.
Visitors to the western Caribbean have noted the new Aztec galleons. They appear to be as formidible as those of Portugal. How well the crews do upon the open ocean has yet to be seen though.
As Indians and Portuguese expand their holdings in the Horn of Africa, the natives have turned to Ethiopia to express their concerns and fears. They are received warmly in Addis Ababa.