Some very good ideas there. My thoughts on them are;
Poland - "Golden Liberty" refers to the empowerment of the nobility in a kind of "nobles democracy" with a parliament that restricted the power of the monarchy. This is one I think should be linked to a civic like Electorate or Limited Monarchy though how it might work I'm not sure. Ideas?
I'm happy with adding Russia to the UHV. That makes more sense. I agree that the UB is wrong but I have another idea. Poland was a big exporter of food esp. grain so why not a "Corn Exchange" replacing the grocer which could give extra gold for food as well?
I've got to look back through the threads to find the Polish word for the thing, but that sounds fine. +1 gold per farm is probably too powerful, but something like '+2 trade on irrigated grain resources' might work, or having the replacement grocer give +40% income rather than 25%.
For a UP, how about +1 happiness and +10% research in all cities when running Electorate?
Moscow - I agree the UP should involve decreased maintenance costs for cities founded to encourage the AI to expand. And yes its more realistic to found 12 cities anywhere not just east. Agreed. The Boyars were very wealthy nobles who raised their own feudal armies in service to the Tsars. So the UU should be a strong elite unit like an enhanced knight (12/2 with a couple of promotions?)
Russian UP: what happened to the power of the Russian winter, I guess we are not using this one.
Sounds good for the Boyar. Shock and 1 first strike?
Russia seems much less likely to be invaded seriously than in standard RFC, except by the Mongols - who it probably shouldn't apply to. We are borrowing a variant of the Russian UP for Hungary, so it's probably best not to duplicate it. Rather than giving Russia a UP that won't help it with any of its UHV goals, it seems better to make the Russian UP something that will keep a large empire viable.
Genoa I like the idea of open borders as a UHV. With how many civs? The Carthage UP reduces the costs of mercenaries, doesn't it? That's good for them as they should be rich enough to hire what they need. Also agreed.
Genoa UP: currently it looks useless. Maybe +1 commerce per tile would be better, or +1 free merchant per city.
We have 18 civs, I think? OB with 10? I like the free merchant idea, although I'd set it up differently - why not make the Genoan variant on the bank be the UB, and have it give 1 free merchant, and then go for the mercenary UP?
England You're right about the UU. It should be Redcoats (replaces Line Infantry) as a counter to the French musketeer though I hope they don't arrive too late to be useful. I like your cottage industry idea though I wonder if it should be linked to the guild system. What about "The Power of Guilds" where each guild built gives 1 extra hammer to towns in the BFC?
England UHV: exactly what I was thinking. UU: English Longbowman?
How many guilds were you planning on having? I'm not sure we ever really worked out the guildhouse system. We could do that with corporations, but then the power of cottage industry has nothing to do with our corporate entities. I feel like we're better off either making a marginal tile improvement (workshop) more powerful, or making a powerful tile improvement that takes a long investment (town) stronger. I also worry about having a really powerful UP for England, because they're going to be one of the hardest civs to balance. They're geographically isolated, have good land and lots of resources, and should be able to produce a decent amount of commerce. The workshop boost is a little less powerful than a boost to a town or a mill would be.
The English Longbowman idea would work - give them Drill 1 and Formation and that's a pretty nasty unit for that era. The redcoat might be too late to be of much use.
[Portugal If we call it the Power of Colonialism giving them 25% less costs on building colonies, how would that be? As far as UHV1 goes you're probably right that Spain might do all their work for them. Maybe it should require open borders and an alliance to achieve that. I'm not sure either about the UU. Nothing obvious comes to mind but I agree it should have something to do with warfare against Cordoba. Something about increased defence against mtd. units (again). Any ideas?
Portugal UP: currently it is useless, who cares about the ocean tiles, no one would go there anyway. There is no new world to go after. The second suggestion is better.
Let's keep the name 'the Power of Discovery', and go with the -25% build cost. I liked the earlier suggestion (Hitti-Litti's?) that the Spanish rivalry should be preserved - can we do 'have more gold and techs than Spain in ____AD'? That's a real challenge, where Spain won't be able to do all the work.
