Update III - Years 711-715 AD
Foreword:
Eternal battle! We but dream of peace/through blood and dust.
- unknown contemporary Greek poet [1].
The decade began hopefully, as some of the wars or at least theatres of war died down, and other conflicts apparently failed to materialise. However, those wars that remained raged on in full strength, and little more than a year passed before new brutal conflicts arose, with new lands being thrown into the furnace. In the Andes, great armies maneuvered in the intricate labyrinth of mountain passes, vying for their prizes in a complex dance of war. In Europe, deceit, betrayal and confusion reigned supreme, with leaders both ambitious and vigilant striving to enact their plans amidst increasing chaos. And in Asia, rich in manpower and zeal, some of the most epic clashes took place, while great rulers, irritated by escalating quagmires, began to resort to a brutal pharnacian strategy [2] of ruthless subjugation.
Domestic Events:
Tepehuani efforts to revitalise Izapa as a trade centre bore fruit (+1 Trade); likewise, the rebuilt city became a strong forward base for further campaigns (see military events).
Years of neglect and growing decadence (-1 Bureaucracy, Confidence) resulted in several of the less significant Coban puppet-city-states effectively moving away without much difficulty.
The rivalry between the Zapotec city-states had been slowly intensifying, with a naval race between the key port cities and a colonial great game in Cuba between Dainzu and Huijazoo, both northern port cities founding new colonies there.
In spite of his old age, Adajuph of Tiahuanaco remained very active, even personally visiting the city of Ocucaje to consecrate a new temple to Inti there and help sacrifice some captured rebels. Slowly, but surely, the region is being integrated into the main Tiahuanacan culture as well as state. Back in Tiahuanaco itself, the great temple complex the City of the Sun is finished, increasing the capitals religious influence further and also serving to revitalise local craftsmanship.
A minor royal vengeance trip aside (see Lord_Iggys stories), Eldsland continued to grow in peace, braving the hardships and slowly climbing to relative prosperity. A new major settlement was established at Akureyri to the northeast; in the south, the settlement of Hafur was founded, chiefly by later refugees from Scandinavia.
The work on the Kosmotigrano Caeri is finally finished, not only strengthening the church but also increasing Caerixian cultural influence even further, causing a fresh influx of trade (or rather assisting the general northwest European tendency) and generally impressing the population (+1 Caerixian Trade, Confidence).
In a somewhat controversial act of assertion, the Gothic king declared himself to be the supreme owner of all the property in Gothland, though generously allowing it to remain also the property of his subjects when relevant.
The Latgallian empire-building continued, with the integration of numerous additional Slavic lands; it was easier said than done, seeing as the Slavs were not particularily pro-Baltic. Nevertheless, the succesful expansion did allow for an agricultural boom of sorts, while the conquered Slavs have started to intermix with the Balts.
The Nubians began to gradually integrate and rebuild their northern gains, in spite of raids and banditry disrupting those efforts somewhat. There also remained some formalities that had to be settled with Gyat, the Ankhader ruler of northern Karung.
The Mahapuran efforts to gather together specialists from all over the western Indic world bore some fruit, largely inasmuch as they brought about a cultural renaissance but also due to helping spread advances from elsewhere and creating a prominent and advanced (al)chemical school in Mahapura.
In the wake of Colchis end and under the Akkadian influences, the Agade Dag Turkic tribes of the Caucasus formed the Kipchak Empire. Attempts to bring other Turkic tribes into the empire had thus far been unsuccessful, but the empire itself had started out surprisingly well, with little internal strife.
Under Melech David ben-Yoav, Saba saw a loosening of various restrictions, and at the same time a greater religious and cultural renaissance as the education system created under Yoav ben-Asur began to give fruit.
A combination of benevolent and ruthless measures (and, ofcourse, Akkadian support) allowed for a gradual stabilisation in Magan.
The end of the war with Ayutamradvipa combined with major financial relief allowed for an economic boom in the Republic of Guangling; in the meantime, the Lord-Protector focused on the reformist part of his agenda in the post-war period, reorganising the local justice system and organising a committee to review the war-time performance of the Guanglingese military. Due attention was also given by the Republic to the reconstruction, colonisation and integration of Fujian (+1 Confidence).
International Events:
Rumours spread of Dainzus prince seeking greater ties with the powerful, though declining, Mayan city-state of Coba.
The Gothic prince Emrach was sent to Caerix for further education and to strengthen the diplomatic ties between Gothland and Caerix; the traditional-minded populace of Gothland is not happy with this and other (see Domestic Events) evidence of the monarchys Celtic corruption (-1 Confidence). On the brighter side, closer contact with Caerix allowed for commercial growth, focused on the port of Stade.
Continued Tarekid and Ligurian efforts at spreading their respective faiths into Gallien have born fruit threatening to tear Burgundsrich apart in the process, as religious disagreements between the increasingly-Ashaist court and the Belenist eastern magnates had further fueled regional strife. King Karloman II was yet to take any definite position officially, but his Ashaist sympathies were widely known, seeing as he had conducted a consistent policy of inviting Tarekid scholars and specialists into the country; this couldnt but further fuel strife (+1 Education, -1 Confidence).
In a courteous move, the Akkadian DagUru Ibradarham allowed the remaining Colchians to migrate west, leaving the land to the Turks (-Colchis as an independent nation); needless to say, this only really applied to the nobility and the warriors, as well as the court and some random commoners, but the remaining population was in no position to fight back against the Kipchak conquerors either way. Vologases III and the warriors that followed him soon joined the Miletean military (+2 Miletean regiments, +6 Miletean levy regiments).
Amidst the ruins of war and with the assistance of Akkadian and Odrysan missionaries, Hellas entered an Agade Dag renaissance, even though the Ashaists remained in the majority.
Agade Dag missionaries in Central Asia had also reached the neo-Khitan Empire, establishing a presence at the fascinated court.
With trade taking a major hit and both sides still far from any decisive victory, Ayutamradvipa and Guangling settled on a peace treaty. While the Republic was allowed to annex the former Hokkien colony, it had to make various concessions, paying out reparations, accepting a naval limit that kept the Guanglingese navy at less than 50% of the Ayutamradvipan equivalent and forcing the Guanglingese merchants to travel via the Ayutamradvipan ports while trading south of Nam (not that Guangling was all that involved in commerce in that region). Despite some limited grumbling on both sides of the kind that usually follows any diplomatic compromise on the whole it was hard to deny that, as the war ended, the blockades were removed, the Nam embargo ceased and the pirates were rooted out (see military events for that last one), the entire East Asian region saw a great upturn of commerce.
Military Events:
Having rebuilt his forces, Emperor Atlacatl decided to press on against the Mayan city-states; in part this was precisely because he knew of their defensive preparations, and wanted to strike before they get too entrenched. The casus belli was the failure of the Mayan city of Chinkultic to hand over or even expel Kawiil, former king of Izapa and the most prominent of Atlacatls previous victims; Atlacatl mobilised vast armies and marched on Chinkultic. Chinkultics king, Aguabalam, proved to be a far more succesful and adroit leader than Kawiil; having formed up a coalition of southern Mayan city-states, he refused to give the Tepehuani a proper battle, and instead skillfully harassed Atlacatls army in the jungles. In the meantime, Chinkultic was largely evacuated, most of its population plus the treasury moving to Lubaantin, ruled by Aguabalams relatives. The garrison continued to defend the empty city; this combined with constant pestering raids greatly delayed Tepehuani progress and weakened the army. Atlacatl only captured the city in 713, to discover that there was nearly nothing of use left, except for various traps that further weakened his army. In the meantime, Aguabalam pulled back to Lubaantin, where he managed to rally a larger Mayan force, reinforced by mercenaries and troops from the concerned western Zapotec cities. Having learned of Aguabalams destination but not of his plans or numbers, Atlacatl had already commenced a westwards march, but was delayed at the city of Seibal; it was there that Aguabalams grand army engaged the Tepehuani, striking from the jungles in a multi-pronged attack. By this point, previous Tepehuani casualties and Aguabalams reinforcements resulted in the balance of numbers being tilted towards the Mayans; furthermore, the Mayans had key strategic advantages over the Tepehuani. Therefore the latter were conclusively routed, and Atlacatl himself was almost captured. The follow-up chase also managed to thin the Tepehuani numbers further. Logistical difficulties and disagreements within Aguabalams coalition prevented the Mayans from taking advantage of this victory, however; and in the meantime, Atlacatl managed to regroup his forces at Chinkultic. Having successfully fortified and repopulated it, he then fought off some initial attempts to reclaim it, while levying additional forces and conquering the remnants Mayan southern coast despite Zapotec meddling there. Plans for an attack on the Zapotec city-states had to be delayed when the Tepehuani fleet suffered a major defeat at the hands of the southern port cities at the delta of the river Lempa in late 715.
(-12 Tepehuani regiments, -7 Tepehuani levy regiments, -10 Tepehuani ships, -2 Zapotec regiments, -3 Zapotec ships)
After the conquest of Pachacamac, the Huarpan Empire was left greatly expanded but also severely overstretched, especially as it had to face a series of peasant revolts due to the strain of war and fight off raids from their fellow Pirincar tribes to the north. In the context of the struggle for Andean dominance between the two key powers Tiahuanaco and Pacatnamu Huarpas fate was obvious enough; it was to become the battlefield for the ultimate showdown. In a way, this was already true for the central Andes from the beginning of this century; the Sun-Emperor Adajuph of Tiahuanaco had persuaded the Huarpans to conquer Pachacamac both in order to distract them and, in all the probability, to pave the way to his ultimate triumph by destroying Pacatnamus ally. This much was explicitly obvious to Emperor Pacapaiec of Pacatnamu, who, in all the probability, had greatly assisted the Moche resistance. By a twist of fate, in 712 both empires attacked Huarpa; Tiahuanaco seeked to reap what it had sown, and Pacatnamu seeked to restore Moche dominance in the region. Conceivably both sides also wished to preempt or thwart each other.
Be that as it may, the Huarpans were taken utterly aback by this. With naval assistance, the Pacatnamu were able to secure most of the coast in spite of the nearby Tiahuanacan advance; in one of the earliest battles between the two, the less professional and outnumbered Tiahuanacan fleet was repulsed, ensuring Pacatnamus naval superiority for the following few years at least. While this went on, the Tiahuanacans quickly advanced through the mountain passes to attack the fortress-city of Huarpa itself. After the dismal failure of early breakout attempts and the defection of his sons army to the Tiahuanacans (4 Huarpan regiments to Tiahuanaco), Emperor Kuelap and his troops holed up in there with lots of supplies. The fortress appeared impregnable, and so, after the failure of the first few assault attempts, the Tiahuanacans left a siege force and focused on taking over the rest of the country, especially as the Pacatnamu too began to advance in the inland regions. A series of bloody battles in the countrys northern valleys dominated 714; ultimately the Pacatnamu were denied most of the inlands, but their coastal positions remained unassailable; furthermore, they used their strategic advantage to land some of their reserves in Ocucaje itself, raising a limited rebellion there (+2 Pacatnamu levy regiments). Hasty redeployments kept the Pacatnamu from taking the city of Ocucaje itself, but the main purpose of the invasion to overstretch the Tiahuanacan forces further was achieved, effectively immobilising the Tiahuanacans. The situation changed again in late 715, however; after the suspicious death of Kuelap, his defected son, Atalay, managed to negotiate the final surrender of Huarpa, freeing up considerable Tiahuanacan forces and granting the mostly-intact fortress to them as a strong forward base, rectifying the logistical situation. The tides may turn soon.
(-Huarpa as an independent nation, -12 Tiahuanacan regiments, -6 Tiahuanacan ships, -8 Pacatnamu regiments, -4 Pacatnamu levy regiments, -3 Pacatnamu ships)
With Nord-Frisia itself in mortal peril, King Egil decreed for the Caledonian colony to be evacuated; while a fair amount of the administrator-nobles, merchants, new-arrivals and ofcourse warriors deployed there by Egil himself abided without hesitation, most of the colonists refused to abandon their land. Learning of this weakness, the Picts quickly mobilised a large amount of their restless warriors particularily those with grudges against the colonists and overwhelmed the mainland colony, taking advantage of the fierce yet poorly-coordinated nature of Viking defenses. Most of the islands remained out of Pictish reach as the main royal fleet was busy supporting the main campaign in Scandinavia, and the local Pictish feudals proved incapable of mounting anything bigger than a disjointed series of raids.
(-9 Pictish levy regiments)
The great war that grew out of Olaf IIs petty raid escalated further still. Playing on the outrage that grew out of the sack of the holy city of Bjorgvin, the Nord-Frisians rallied the warriors of both of King Egils realms to their banners (+20 levy regiments); furthermore, volunteers came in from Vendelia, Danelaw and Sund-Frisia (+5 levy regiments). A vigorous diplomatic campaign was also waged; while Danelaw was not stirred to action, the Vendel king Ohtar I led the royal army to assist the Nord-Frisians in 714. The Telamondesos was not inactive either; additional troops and Celtic colonists were constantly being brought in from the British Isles, and succesful diplomacy won Suesus an unexpected, but useful ally. In a sudden and unpopular move (-1 Confidence), King Raegenhere of Sund-Frisia sent his entire fleet to assist the Caerixians.
While apparent lack of coordination prevented the Sund-Frisian surprise effect from being put to maximum use the Caerixians being busy with their northern campaign for much of the decades first quarter the Nord-Frisians, who were very wary of separating their numerically-inferior fleet, proved quite easy to take by surprise once located. In the Battle of Stafangr, the Sund-Frisians used trickery to disrupt a major Nord-Frisian raid, and promptly seized several of the Nord-Frisian ships (8 Nord-Frisian ships to Sund-Frisia), sinking or heavily damaging many others before the Nord-Frisians managed to get their act together and retreat westwards. Between the Caerixian-held west coast and the fast Sund-Frisian fleet, the Nord-Frisians had no realistic choice but to flee towards the northern port city of Molde. Alas, they ran straight into the neo-Tigranist armada assisting the citys siege. The emphasis on the fleets unity doomed the Nord-Frisians, for it made them easy for the Sund-Frisians to follow; therefore, in the 713 Battle of Sula, the Nord-Frisians were caught between two numerically-superior fleets. Escape, however, was no longer an option the ships were dreadfully undersupplied, and the storms that damaged the Caerixian armada in late 712 took an even stronger toll on the battered Nord-Frisian navy. Therefore, the Nord-Frisian commander decided on a desperate last charge; he attacked the armada with all he had, and ordered the mass use of fire arrows and torches. Though the Nord-Frisian ships themselves often caught flame, the effect was immediate and noticeable, the Celts being definitely taken aback and parts of the armada pulling back in disarray. But the glimmer of hope was brief. The allies soon recovered, regrouped and encircled the Nord-Frisians, gradually crushing them. Some of the breakout attempts had limited success, and a few ships managed to survive the battle, hide out in the north and return to the Vik in a daring odyssey in 715, but the rest of the royal Nord-Frisian fleet simply ceased to exist during that battle. For all the purposes, the sea war was lost.
This last blow had put Nord-Frisia firmly on the defensive. Fortunately for Egil, the Celtic advance for much of this period was forcedly cautious due to constant hindrances, such as raids, uprisings, local feudal attacks and ofcourse the powerful and well-prepared Nord-Frisian fortifications. The Siege of Molde was a particularily drawn-out affair, the Nord-Frisian defenders holding out fanatically and repulsing assault after assault. Well-stocked, the fortress-port held for over two years, during which the neo-Tigranists were constantly harassed by other Nord-Frisian forces. However, the naval defeat at Sula put an end to all hopes of the fortress defenders, as the blockade finally began to take its toll with the last supplies beginning to run out. Choosing a quick and brave death, most of the Nord-Frisian men sallied out soon after the news of Sula reached them and attacked the enemy siege camp. Ultimately they were all slaughtered; the city itself then surrendered, a fair amount of women and children accepting Tigranus and the rest, along with the elders, committing suicide. The ultimate victories at Sula and Molde paved the way for the neo-Tigranist naval-supported conquest of the northern coast. When these news reached Egils provisional Viksborg court, he was heavily criticised by many of his jarls for failing to commit his forces to a decisive battle; though this allowed the Nord-Frisians to conserve most of their forces, it also made the neo-Tigranist victories much easier. With Ohtar now at his side, Egil acceded to the demands of his court and marched north in early 714 to attack the main Celtic army. In the meantime, said army headed southeastwards, hoping to seize Viksborg and put an end to this war. Alarmed by his scouts of the Celtic movement, Egil saw a wonderful opportunity to score a decisive victory; having attained overwhelming numerical superiority with his levies and his Vendels (at the price of ruining his countrys economy further still), Egil confronted the Celts in a straightforward battle on the Lagan River with the core of the royal army and half of the feudal levies and volunteers. Eager for battle and reasonably confident in their general superiority, the Celts soon seized the initiative and cut into Egils forces. At this point, the trap was sprung; Ohtars army struck at the eastern flank of the Celts with a devastating cavalry charge followed up by the infantry. Lapses in coordination allowed the Celts to fall back and regroup, but at this point a feudal Nord-Frisian army arrived from the west with some delay, and the armys doom was sealed; the main neo-Tigranist offensive force was wiped out, and Nord-Frisias morale was restored. However, this was far from the end; the Celts remained dominant in the western coastal regions, where they still had considerable (and growing) forces perfectly ready to defend their new strongholds. Although some of the inlands and northernmost regions were reconquered in 715, the rest was thus far kept out of Nord-Frisias reach.
(-2 Hibernian regiments, -1 Hibernian Seoltoireacht ship, -11 Caerixian regiments, -3 Caerixian DeiwoKenget regiments, -3 Caerixian levy regiments, -12 Caerixian ships, -4 Sund-Frisian ships, - 8 Nord-Frisian regiments, -22 Nord-Frisian levy regiments, -37 Nord-Frisian ships, -4 Pictish regiments, -2 Pictish ships, -6 Vendel regiments)
Anti-Teuton Berber raids generally died down, but border skirmishes continued on a smaller scale. Some of the Teutonic commanders petitioned the Kadjorix to launch a campaign against the Tarekids, but no action was taken as of 715 (-1 Teutonic Confidence).
A 712 peasant rebellion at the outskirts of Nont fully revealed the rotten and unstable state of Germano-Celtic kingdom of Ligania; having gained the support of the increasingly restless and arrogant royal warriors, the eccentric but highly-charismatic rebel leader known under the decidedly weird [3] name of Tobias managed to break into the capital and force the Kadjorix Gallenmach to grant him effective dictatorial powers. Fearful for his life, Gallenmach accepted, and allowed Tobias to purge the restive court that bitterly refused to recognise the takeover (-1 Bureaucracy). Attempts at sweeping populist reform including the curtailing of taxes and internal tariffs backfired badly, as the already-outraged nobles were pushed into outright rebellion in the Liga Valley. This moment was also used by the northern Celtic separatists to rise up as well, fed up with the perceived utter incompetence of Nont (parts of the largely Celtic fleet defected to the rebels as well (-10 Kratonian ships)); and lastly, the Germanic tribes on the eastern border likewise refused to recognise the takeover and the slaughter of the largely-Germanic court (-3 Liganian Confidence). The bizarre act of renaming the state into the Kratonian Empire did not help Tobias case much. Nonetheless, the peasant rebels remained loyal to their leader, and the royal warriors were traditionally opposed to many of the more conservative and powerful landed nobles, therefore also taking Tobias side in the escalating civil war. The main loyalist rebel army was crushed at Andecav [4], enabling Tobias men to go on a retributive rampage (further damaging the economy as things went completely out of anybodys control). This lapse in discipline and other difficulties prevented any effective operations against the Celtic and Germanic tribal rebellions, and hostilities died down along the present lines
until early 713, when, alarmed by rumours of impending Thuringian intervention, the Sund-Frisians preemptively moved into eastern Ligania and crushed the Germanic tribes by themselves. This, however, brought them into conflict with the bloodthirsty Kratonian warriors; the conflict amounted to little more than constant skirmishing and raiding, but was to have grave and immediate consequences for Sund-Frisia, or at least one of its allies.
(-Old Ligania, -2 Kratonian regiments, -7 Kratonian levy regiments, -1 Sund-Frisian regiment)
For Wideph IIs military reforms and political consolidation efforts in Thuringia itself were complete, and the king could now turn towards military expansion. Sachsland not Ligania had inevitably caught his eye; the militarily-weak, but prosperous state was an ideal target. Ofcourse, it was also a known ally of Sund-Frisia, but the Sund-Frisians were apparently engaged elsewhere, at least for now; if anything, it made it all the more important to strike quickly. And therefore, in 713, Prince Radulfs elite Royal Thuringian Army attacked Sachsland and decisively routed the Saxon levies and western forces at Bingen. Before King Richomer could take any decisive measures in the wake of this disaster, the Thuringians secured one of the key bridges over the Rhine and laid siege to Schwartzburg. While the siege bogged down, all attempts to raise it were nipped in the bud with decisive attacks by the superior Thuringian forces. In 714, the Sund-Frisians invaded Thuringia from the Liganian territories secured previously; though commanding superior numbers initially, they soon were tied down by the Thuringian strongholds, while Wideph raised the levies, achieving numerical parity, and fought an effective holding action. Later in the year, however, rebellious feudals (+3 Sund-Frisian levy regiments) allowed the invaders to capture two key northwestern fortresses and put Widephs strategy off balance. Though warfare soon bogged down into indecisive skirmishes again, this necessitated a quick resolution of the Saxon campaign; therefore, in early 715 the exhausted defenders of Schwartzburg faced a major assault facilitated by effective sapping. The Thuringians overwhelmed the city and proclaimed Sachsland fallen, having captured Richomer himself; although there actually still was some resistance in the countryside, much of it was crushed by 715 and the rest was very uncoordinated and disorganised. Thus far the Thuringian plan paid off wonderfully (+1 banked eco. point to Thuringia), but the Sund-Frisians may get their act together soon, in which case all of Widephs successes may yet be undone.
(-Sachsland as a cohesive political entity, -2 Sund-Frisian regiments, -1 Sund-Frisian levy regiment, -5 Thuringian regiments, -1 Thuringian Royal Archer regiment, -2 Thuringian levy regiments)
Small-scale but extensive Gothic punitive expeditions secured a forward military frontier against the Slavic tribes, symbolically turning the tide in the old struggle that drove the old Germanic tribes west.
Having been embarrassed in their attempts to seize Pisa at the outset of the century, the Ligurians dedicated much of their time since then and up to 712 to reforming and strengthening their military in preparations for another go at the northern Italian city. The preparations were extensive and impressive; the old formation of the Sons of Belenu was revived from mere ceremoniality and greatly expanded into an elite fanatical assault force, advanced siege weapons were procured and the fleet was readied. The 712 attack caught the Pisans made careless by their easy 701 victory entirely by surprise; the Ligurians won the hard-fought naval battle at the delta of river Arno, cutting the city off from the vital maritime commerce and supplies, while a large Ligurian force easily crushed the Pisan troops and mercenaries in the open field, besieging the city. Constantly harassed by levies, the defenders barely held their own on the walls just as these walls were undermined with the help from foreign siege specialists, allowing for a general breakthrough that effortlessly overran the citys defenders. Some initial looting aside, the occupation was mostly merciful, as the Priest-King wanted to retain the citys wealth. Emboldened by this stunning victory, the Ligurians pressed on further; though they naturally lost their surprise effect now, most other Latin cities werent quite as heavily fortified as Pisa, and towards 714 the northern third of Greater Latium [5] was in Ligurian hands. Further advance was prevented by uprisings behind the enemy lines and mounting resistance, as the surviving Latin city-states formed a loose coalition and hired a large amount of mercenaries, fighting the Ligurians to a bloody standstill at Urbs Vetus. After that, the Ligurians pulled back to consolidate their gains, while the Latins, their coffers quite drained, began besieging Capua with pleas for assistance.
(-2 Ligurian regiments, -3 Ligurian Sons of Belenu regiments, -11 Ligurian levy regiments, -3 Ligurian ships)