Huh what are you talking about?
I can't think of any additional information to add. Here is my understanding.
Aqueduct case:
On turn X the following is true:
--1. An aqueduct is 1 turn from completion.
--2. The food box is 2 turns from filling completely.
On turn X+1:
--1a. The interface prompts me to "Choose Production" as the aqueduct is finished building.
--1b. Aqueduct appears on city's building list.
--2. The city's food box is 1 turn from filling completely.
On turn X+2 the following occurs:
--1. A new citizen appears.
--2. The food box is empty for reasons easyseeker explained, specifically that production occurs after growth, and so the aqueduct isn't actually yet built despite appearing on the city's building list.
If this is accurate then I'm postulating the player could get screwed by the interface in the case of completing a barracks and buying a unit the same turn. It would look like the following
On the hypothetical turn x:
--1a. Barracks appears on the city's building list.
--1b. New production is chosen.
--2. A unit is purchased.
On hypothetical turn x+1:
--1. City is one turn deep into it's new production.
--2. Unit becomes mobile but lacks any barracks experience.
In the aqueduct issue mentioned in my original post is NOT that the aqueduct has one turn to complete and the food box has one turn to complete. The aqueduct "finishes" the turn before the food box becomes complete. I think this was clear to easyseeker and others, but I want to make sure since the answer seems especially screwed up.
Attached is turn X. Select an aqueduct to build and hit Next Turn. Next turn it will be finished, there will still be one turn until the population growth, and you will have the X+1 turn I attached to the original post.