Chapter 4: New Neighbors, New Horizons
aki fukaki / tonari wa nani wo / suru hito zo
Deep autumn / my neighbor / how does he live, I wonder?
Matsuo Basho (A.D. 1644-1694)
With help from the Hsung-Nu maps, the Japanese galleys ventured further beyond their present horizons, hoping to find the advanced civilizations that ruled over the rest of the world. Shogun Tokugawa was in a good mood, as he was sure the knowledge of these foreigners would be greatly beneficial to Japan.
The first civilization that they met were the ones marked by green borders on the Hsung-Nu maps, although by then they had colonized many other islands in the northern seas. Within these green borders lived a people known as the Greeks, whose leader, Alexander the Great, was quite annoyed to see Japanese vessels in his maritime territory.
The Greeks were a remarkably advanced civilization, with knowledge of many technologies beyond poor Tokugawa's imagination. Their cities were guarded by magnificent phalanxes of hoplites, strong fighters clad in gleaming bronze armor. Their people ate sumptuous feasts of bread and meat, with a variety of salads on the side and further enhanced by a strange intoxicating drink called wine. They boasted of grand colosseums and libraries built in their cities, spreading their culture far and wide. In exchange for Japan's world map, they were willing to teach many of these secrets to the Japanese people.
Tokugawa was about to agree to this deal, but Hideyoshi stopped him. "My lord," he cautioned, "remember that the Greeks are not the only tribe with whom we share this world. If we show them our map, surely they will show it to their other neighbors, and we will lose the strong bargaining position that we have right now."
"But we do not know where they are," grumbled Tokugawa. "And the Greeks will not show us how to contact them."
"Relax," said Hideyoshi. "I am sure we will reach them soon. The world is small, and our galleys are swift."
Sure enough, another exploring galley sighted a large landmass due south of Osaka, inhabited by another advanced civilization, the Persians. Tokugawa instructed his cartographers to mark the Persian borders in purple on Japan's maps.
From the information they gathered, Tokugawa learned that the Persians were even more powerful than the Greeks. They had 13 cities to Greece's 10, and were on roughly equal standing as far as technology. The Persian people were blessed with a rich land full of resources. They burned incense in their temples and made offerings of beautiful ivory to their gods at the Oracle in Persepolis. The Persian workers were remarkably industrious, but their leader, Xerxes, was no less annoyed by his new visitors.
"Can't we trade now?" asked Tokugawa. "I think Xerxes is running out of patience."
Hideyoshi shook his head. "Two down, three more to go. We will try to pass around them, and see who else is there."
Many more years passed before the next tribe was found, on a hilly wedge further along the coast of Greece. These were the Russians, ruled by an elderly woman named Catherine the Great. Tokugawa ordered his map makers marked Russia with gray on their charts, supposedly because of the Czarina's gray hair. But in reality, it was purely out of jealousy that he chose this drab color, for the Russian people wore beautiful clothes made of multicolored silks.
The Russian cities numbered 12 in total, putting them slightly behind the Persians in terms of power, but their technology was just as advanced as the others. The Japanese sailors noted that the cities were defended by spearmen, slightly less intimidating than the Greek hoplites but still quite formidable in battle.
Three new neighbors, thought Tokugawa.
That means there are two other civilizations left. I wonder where they are...
The fourth tribe was discovered by the galley that had sailed around the coast of Persia, carefully avoiding Xerxes' disapproving gaze. These were the Germans, a fair-skinned people similar to the Russians. They were a fierce and combative people, and their warriors roamed all over their island, ready to crush any unwanted guests.
Like Russia, Germany also had a dozen cities and possessed advanced techology. The German people wore even fancier clothing than the Russians, made with the warm furs and colorful dyes of their land. Tokugawa longed to get his hands of these German luxuries, but their leader, Otto von Bismarck, showed no interest in such a trade, and made no effort to hide his annoyance with the Japanese.
"If you have no business being here, then get out," snapped the Chancellor. "You are not welcome in Germany."
Tokugawa sighed.
This Bismarck must be evil to the core, he thought. With that, he chose the deepest black ink to draw the borders of Germany on his maps, a further insult to the colorful German textiles.
There was only one more civilization that had not been met: the Babylonians. Every other civilization so far had held them in high regard, and Tokugawa was certain that Babylon would be a truly incredible sight. But nobody offered him directions on how to find them, and for many years his galleys wandered the seas aimlessly, with no sight of their goal.
It was not until the year 210 AD when seamen cruising past the Greek city of Pharsalos noticed a band of warriors clad in bright orange uniforms wandering around the coast. They were unlike any of the foreign people the Japanese had seen before, and after speaking with them they were confirmed to be from the great civilization of Babylon.
Upon further inquiry, they found out that these Babylonian warriors had come far from their homeland and were only part of some distant colonies of their people. Babylon was 13 cities strong and growing quickly, for they had the potent blessings of the Pyramids. Their leader was a certain King Hammurabi, who had written a famous code of laws that had by now spread through the rest of the world except for Japan. The Babylonian people put delicious spices into their food, and also drank the same mystifying beverage as the Greeks, wine.
Despite how badly Tokugawa would have wanted to secure these luxury goods to bring back to Japan, Hideyoshi insisted that they must make up the technological difference first. "We have now made contact with every great civilization in the world," he said proudly. "Let us reveal our maps to them, and learn whatever techniques they have to offer."
And so the trading began. The leaders of the foreign civilzations showed remarkable eagerness to see Tokugawa's maps, and were very pleased that they showed so many places they had never been before. In return, they taught the Japanese people many new things.
They had a warrior code, and trained skilled archers to shoot at distant targets with deadly accuracy.
They taught the Japanese how to tame and care for horses, and eventually showed them how to mount them and ride them into battle.
They demonstrated the methods used for working with metals, how to cast bronze into long spears and iron into sturdy swords.
They called forth their mystics, who showed their strange ways of gaining control over the forces of nature, how to exorcise the demons that haunted them and how to keep the mind calm in stressful times.
They instructed the Japanese people in the studies of mathematics and literature, exposing them to new fields of knowledge and encouraging them to go out and learn for themselves. They offered many books for Tokugawa to read, some of which covered topics in philosophy, while others described Hammurabi's code of laws.
They showed Tokugawa the miracles of construction that they had built in their great cities, the Wonders of the World. It would be a long time before Japan would be able to match them in these skills, but as Tokugawa was getting all of this just for showing them his world map, it was an incredible bargain.
In addition to all of the above, each foreign leader also showed Tokugawa the maps of their own territories. And it was only now that he realized how important Hideyoshi's advice was, for only one civilization would have been willing to come forth to share their secrets if he had shown them Japan's map earlier. Cheerfully he patted his trusted advisor's back, and together they celebrated their success.
... to be continued