Looking further at the map of your continent:
You have an opportunity to monopolize most of the happiness resources.
Happiness sources available:
Gold, Gems, Dye, Spices, Elephants, Silk, Wine (only 1)
You have all of the sources of gold and you could fairly easily control all of the dye, gems, and spices if you took out Roosevelt. That would leave Zara with 1 source of elephants and Suryavaraman with 2 silk and 1 wine.
I say you should go ahead and hog all of the good resources that you can. I don't know if it will be possible to cripple the AI with lack of happiness, but you should be able to lower their ceiling quite a bit. And if you really want to flex your spying power you could foment unhappiness in their key cities.
The short of it is that you're not in a position to take over your continent - yet. But you do have a number of advantages to work with.
Your specialists bringing in more research for you than your rivals.
You have the Great Wall + Protective to defend you.
You have a good shot at monopolizing the important happiness resources for the forseeable future.
You have a settled great spy giving you great intel on all of your neighbors.
I'd say this looks like a good time to pursue a specialist economy and start thinking about longterm war to take over the continent. You should be able to grow your cities much larger than any of your rivals, and assuming you can steal Metal Casting and Feudalism in the near-ish future, you could switch between Serfdom (to quickly build farms and workshops) and Caste System (to run specialists and work the improved workshops). Let your enemies come after you into your territory - you can easily switch to slavery to whip some troops, then back to Serfdom to rebuild any farms and workshops they might pillage, then right back into Caste System to get back to work.
Medina looks like an amazing Ironworks spot in the long term, with lots of riverside tiles, copper, and a few hills and plenty of food to feed workshops. It also has pretty good commerce from the gems and spices. Maybe you should consider settling the Great Engineer there, and building a wonder to fight of the cultural pressure from Lalibela?
At this point I would simply be trying to gobble up as much land as possible. With representation and a settled great spy you can run a pretty nice specialist economy. With more land than your neighbors you might even be able to lead in tech shortly. The great spy almost ensures that you'll be able to stay even in tech, at worst.
You can't fight Suryavaraman directly yet, but you know he is the true threat among your neighbors. The best way to hurt him may be beating him to the punch to take out Roosevelt and deny him important resources.
With Metal Casting + Drama you should get forges and theaters which will give you a much higher happy cap than your neighbors can achieve, once you monopolize the gold, gems, and dye. (+6 happy above what they can get).
I'm sorry I don't have any specific step-by-step advice on what to try next. I'd say Metal Casting should be a fairly important priority tech, though it needn't be #1 - you could try stealing it. Between Courthouses, Forges, and Military (and a few stables), you have a lot of hammers committed for the near future.
I'd look at dedicating 1 of your cities to mundane tasks like producing workers and settlers. I'd start farming wherever you can so you can whip and regrow ASAP, and eventually draft. The rest of your cities can focus on military or economic needs, whichever you determine is the most important at the time.
Don't get discouraged by the game - the advantages you secured early (choice land, pyramids, great wall) are going to start paying dividends soon. You're not the biggest kid on the block (continent) yet, but you could be soon.
What were some of the guiding principles of the earliest ALCs? Expand in the direction of your rivals and try to take out the biggest threat as early as possible? If you follow that path, it poitns prety clearly towards taking Roosevelt's land before Suryavaraman does. Just make sure that you can fight back against Zara's culture. A Madrassa + Farms + Artist Specialists from Caste System might be enough. If not, maybe you should build Chichen Itza in Medina?