Two ways, both involving the tourism screen.
You'll be forced to adopt an ideology after reaching the modern age or building your third factory--whatever comes first. Before you do, check the tourism screen. There are two things that you're looking out for: First, which civilizations have a cultural influence over you? Second, what ideology are they following? If, say, Russia is following Order, and they are at Familiar or Influential status with you, then they could begin exerted ideological pressure on your populace if you decide to go Autocracy or Freedom. That pressure will make your citizens unhappy, which can eventually lead to revolt.
If ALL of the ideologies are making your citizens unhappy, then there are multiple rival civs that have achieved cultural influence over you, and they've also taken different ideologies, which means that there won't really be a "right" choice. At that point in the game, there may not be a way to salvage things, but to prevent cultural takeovers from happening in the first place, it might be a good idea to generate as much culture as you can to prevent being swamped in another player's tourism.